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Each winter, many people wonder whether its worth getting a flu shot while health officials repeatedly warn against not getting one.Now a new study sheds light on the benefit of doing so. Even when the flu shot is just 20% effective it can still reduce US doctor visits due to illness by an estimated 20 million in a single year, the new report published in the scientific journal PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States) finds.In addition, vaccination also can prevent thousands of hospitalizations and deaths, the study authors estimated based on the average vaccination coverage rate in the United States."Getting vaccinated against influenza is beneficial to the individual and to the community even when the vaccine is of relatively low efficacy," said Burton H. Singer, co-author of the study and an adjunct professor for the Emerging Pathogens Institute at University of Florida in Gainesville.Caused by viruses, flu is a contagious respiratory illness with mild to severe symptoms that can sometimes lead to death. The flu virus evolves rapidly and new viruses circulate in different parts of the world, so each year scientists must reformulate the vaccine. Add to that an imperfect manufacturing process and even a 'good match' formulation may not be as effective as scientists would like.In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated just 36% effectiveness for the 2017-18 seasonal vaccine as of February 3. (The season ends in May.)For the new study, Singer and his colleagues created a mathematical model of flu transmission and vaccination to evaluate how much illness is prevented by even a very low effectiveness flu vaccine. The research team found that at the average rate of US coverage even a poor vaccine would prevent a significant amount of illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths.For example, at just 43% coverage (the average rate of Americans who received a flu shot for the years 2012 through 2017), a vaccine with just 20% effectiveness could avert more than 20 million infections or illnesses as compared to not getting the vaccine. In addition, 129,000 hospitalizations and 61,000 deaths could be prevented.Based on the model, if more people got a flu shot, say half of the US population, the same 20% effective flu shot would prevent an additional 3.63 million infections, 21,987 hospitalizations and 8,479 deaths."When a vaccine is fully effective on 50% or more of the people who are vaccinated, you need to primarily focus on vaccinating young children," said Singer. The reason? Children are still building immunity and they pass germs around at school."As efficacy of the vaccine decreases, it becomes increasingly important for the elderly to be vaccinated in addition to young children," said Singer, since the elderly are more likely to develop complications from the flu, such as pneumonia, which can be deadly.The CDC reported a total of 160 flu-related deaths in children and 30,064 flu-related hospitalizations overall?between October 1, 2017 and April 21, 2018. The highest rate of hospitalization occurred among adults 65 years old and older.Richard Webby, a flu scientist who is part of the World Health Organization's advisory board and a member of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's Department of Infectious Diseases, said "effectiveness estimates go up and down based on a number of factors including match of vaccine and circulating strain and probably other factors we don't fully understand.""The take home message from the past few seasons is that there is much room for improvement," said Webby, who was not involved in the research.Still, more people, particularly the elderly, need to get vaccinated even when the vaccine effectiveness is lower than hoped, Webby said: "This study suggests that even with a less than optimal vaccine there is still much public health benefit that can be achieved if these are used properly and widely." 3992

EL CAJON, Calif. (KGTV) — A transgender woman is suing an El Cajon gym over the use of gender-specific locker rooms.“My weight went from 340 pounds to 195 pounds,” Christynne Wood said. She says that weight loss is attributed to the water aerobics classes she has been taking at Crunch Fitness for the last eleven years. Not only did it help Wood shed the pounds, she also shed an old identity.“I lived so many years presenting myself as a male. Because I knew that is what was expected of me, and I didn't want to make others uncomfortable. The whole time, Christynne is inside Christopher going ‘I’m suffocating, please don’t let me die,” Wood said. Wood says she has identified as female since childhood. But she did not begin her transition from male to female until July 2016.Just two months after starting hormone therapy, she says a male gym member began to harass her.“The individual comes over to me, and says something untoward, and make a threatening gesture and walks in my direction,” Wood said. Terrified, Wood says she ran out of the men's locker room and told management. At first, she was led to the upstairs men's room, where there were fewer members than the women's facility. But she claims the harassment continued."I still must transit through the place where the assault took place to get to and from the pool for my workouts, so what have you done for me?"Days later, she brought a letter from her endocrinologist, explaining her transition and asking gym staff to accommodate her in the women's locker room. Last February, she legally changed her name and gender. But Woods says it took another seven months for Crunch to finally allow her to use their women's facilities."I thought I had friends in management that so totally understood me. When that was betrayed, how would you feel?"Wood says continued years of alleged harassment and neglect for her well-being led her to sue Crunch Fitness."It makes me cry that it had to get to this degree,” Wood said. “Nobody wants to sue anyone. Nobody does anything or pays attention until somebody hurts or inconveniences them and then they realize the magnitude and depth of what they’ve done wrong.”But she says this civil case is bigger than Christynne Wood.“I’m getting some form of justice, but it’s not just about me. There’s a whole sisterhood out there is being abused and marginalized. I don’t ever want this to happen to any of my T-girl [Transgender-girl] sisters,” Wood said.Crunch Fitness’ corporate office gave 10News a statement after the ACLU announced the lawsuit on Wednesday.  2647

Due to a coin shortage at the Federal Reserve, Kroger will no longer return coin change to customers. Instead, the remainders from cash transactions can either be donated to charity or applied to the customers' loyalty cards to be used on the next purchase.The change in giving change also applies to subsidiaries of Kroger, including Ralphs, Food 4 Less, King Soopers, Smith's and more. Kroger officials said, "at Kroger, we are implementing several creative solutions to minimize the impact to our customers. We know this is an inconvenience for our customers and we appreciate their patience. The Treasury Department expects the shortage to diminish as more regions of the country reopen."Customers have the following options if coins are not available:Round up to support Zero Hunger, Zero Waste FoundationPay with a form of payment other than cashHave their coin change loaded as credit toward their next purchase directly to their loyalty cardCustomers using self-checkout will still be able to receive coins.There are multiple reasons leading to the current coin shortage. The U.S. Mint has slowed production to keep employees safe from the coronavirus. With stay-at-home orders and business shut-downs, fewer people are spending coins at stores, laundromats, vending machines and other places. Walmart and CVS locations have also made changes to encourage customers to use exact change or plastic to pay for their items when possible. The Federal Reserve rationed coins in June and gathered a task force to look into the shortage to come up with possible solutions. This story was originally published by Rebekah Pewitt at WTVF. 1644

Dunkin' is permanently closing about 800 locations throughout the country — about eight percent of its restaurants in the U.S.The company detailed the changes in its quarterly earnings report on Thursday.Dunkin' described the closures as "real estate portfolio rationalizations." It also said the locations have low sales volume and represent only two percent of its U.S. sales last year.More than half of the closures are in Speedway convenience stores — a change Dunkin' previously announced in February.The company said it may permanently close about 350 locations outside of the U.S.The announcement comes a day after McDonald's said it would close around 200 locations, most of them in Walmart stores. 714

EL CAJON, Calif. (KGTV) --  A woman was hit and killed by a vehicle Tuesday night in El Cajon. The crash happened on the 600 block of Greenfield Drive near Magnolia Elementary School around 5:15 p.m.Police say it appears that the woman was walking westbound on the south sidewalk of Greenfield Drive when a blue 2004 Chevrolet Suburban was traveling westbound on Greenfield Drive and veered across the eastbound lanes and left the roadway, hitting her.Paramedics administered CPR and transported the woman to the hospital where she later succumbed to her injuries. The name of the woman has not yet been released. She is believed to be in her 40's. The male driver of the Suburban, a 49-year-old resident of El Cajon, remained on scene and has been fully cooperative with the investigation, according to police. It is unknown at this time if drugs or alcohol were a factor in the collision.The El Cajon Police Department is asking anyone with information regarding this collision to call (619) 579-3311. 1046