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MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — One of four former Minneapolis police officers charged in the death of George Floyd is asking to have his case dismissed.An attorney for Thomas Lane said in court papers that the case against his client should be dismissed for lack of probable cause.As part of his court filing, attorney Earl Gray filed transcripts from body camera footage recorded by Lane's camera and the camera of his partner.The transcripts, obtained by the Star Tribune and New York Times, show that Floyd begged officers not to shoot him during the initial encounter and later pleaded for them not to place him in the back of the squad car because he was claustrophobic and had just had COVID-19.At one point, Floyd said “I can’t believe this. I can’t believe this. Mom, I love you. Tell my kids I love them. I’m dead,” according to the transcripts.The transcripts say former officer Derek Chauvin then told Floyd he was under arrest and that he was “doing a lot of talking, man.”That’s when Gray says Lane asked twice if the officers should turn Floyd on his side, but Chauvin said no and used his knee to pin Floyd to the ground.Chauvin then knelt on Floyd's neck for nearly eight minutes, which was caught on video and has now been seen by people across the world. Floyd lost consciousness and was later pronounced dead.Gray also filed a transcript of Lane's interview with state investigators.Lane is charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder and manslaughter, as are former officers J. Alexander Kueng and Tou Thao. Chauvin is charged with murder and manslaughter. 1582

Moderna is asking American regulators to allow emergency use of its COVID-19 vaccine. It says its final results show the vaccine is 94% effective.The drug maker says it had 196 COVID-19 cases so far in its study. It says 185 of those participants received the placebo, while 11 got the real vaccine. The 30 people who became seriously ill in the trial didn't get the vaccine.FDA advisors are expected to look at all the evidence on December 17. They'll be checking out Pfizer’s vaccine on December 10.Pfizer and Moderna's success with their COVID-19 trials could impact how vaccines are made in the future.It has to do with how they work. They use what's called messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. The virus' genetic code is injected into the body so it can instruct cells on what antibodies to produce.It hasn't been approved to be used in a commercial vaccine before.“In the future, it's clearly going to be tough to beat RNA vaccines for speed and that's a wonderful thing. Just this demonstration of how incredibly fast they can move has been great. How effective they can be, I think will depend on a particular disease,” said Shane Crotty, Ph.D. with the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty says the narrowest application for this vaccine technology in the future is a similar situation where there's a new emerging virus."The mRNA vaccine has been tried for other infectious diseases and they have been investigated for cancer. There's a whole area of trying to vaccine against cancer, which has kind of been an elusive target,” said Dr. Alessandro Sette with the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.A big question with an mRNA vaccine is how long its protection will last. While there is encouraging findings, there's no historical comparison to look at.A big thing experts say has helped with a vaccine is there has been a lot of money put towards manufacturing before we even knew it would work.Click here to learn more about mRNA vaccines. 1958

MORGANTOWN, W.V. – Murder hornets have had their time in the spotlight. Now, scientists say they've discovered “zombie cicadas.”It's a playful name from researchers at West Virginia University, who say they've found that a parasitic fungus, called Massospora, can play mind games on cicadas, causing them to infect others.Researcher showed that the psychedelic fungus can manipulate male cicadas into flicking their wings like females – a mating call – which tempts unsuspecting male cicadas and infects them.The fungus contains chemicals like those found in hallucinogenic mushrooms, according to research published in the journal PLOS Pathogens.“Essentially, the cicadas are luring others into becoming infected because their healthy counterparts are interested in mating,” said Brian Lovett, study co-author and post-doctoral researcher with the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design. “The bioactive compounds may manipulate the insect to stay awake and continue to transmit the pathogen for longer.”The authors of the study compared the effects of the fungus to a “B-horror movie.” Massospora spores gnaw away at a cicada’s genitals, butt and abdomen, replacing them with fungal spores. Then, Lovett says they “wear away like an eraser on a pencil.”Lovett also compared the transmission of the behavior-modifying virus to rabies. He says both rabies and entomopathogenic fungi enlist their living hosts for successful “active host transmission.”“When you're infected with rabies, you become aggressive, you become afraid of water and you don't swallow,” Lovett said. “The virus is passed through saliva and all of those symptoms essentially turn you into a rabies-spreading machine where you're more likely to bite people."In that sense, Lovett says many of us are familiar with active host transmission.“Since we are also animals like insects, we like to think we have complete control over our decisions and we take our freewill for granted,” he said. “But when these pathogens infect cicadas, it's very clear that the pathogen is pulling the behavioral levers of the cicada to cause it to do things which are not in the interest of the cicada but is very much in the interest of the pathogen.”Researchers say cicada nymphs could encounter Massospora in their 17th year as they emerge from the ground to molt into adults or on their way down to feed on roots for 17 years.“The fungus could more or less lay in wait inside its host for the next 17 years until something awakens it, perhaps a hormone cue, where it possibly lays dormant and asymptomatic in its cicada host,” said co-author Matthew Kasson.As grotesque as an infected decaying cicada sounds, researchers say they’re generally harmless to humans. They also reproduce at such a rate that the fungi’s extermination of hordes of cicadas has little effect on their overall population.“They're very docile,” Lovett said. “You can walk right up to one, pick it up to see if it has the fungus (a white to yellowish plug on its back end) and set it back down. They’re not a major pest in any way. They’re just a really interesting quirky insect that’s developed a bizarre lifestyle." 3172

More people are interested in growing their own food and living a more sustainable life. That can be for people living off the grid or for people living in large cities."We are 50 by 126 ft. in the neighborhood of Ruby Hill," said Sharona Thompson.Less than five miles from downtown Denver, Colorado, nestled among standard city lots, sits Thompson’s urban homestead and the Ruby Hill Tiny Farm School."We grow tomatoes, squash. We’ve got pumpkins arching over, we’ve got chickens, we’ve got rabbits, we have bees, we have worms, and a cat that guards the whole school," said Thompson.Every inch of her yard is planned out to be the most beneficial and sustainable. She has two 55-gallon rain barrels that she uses to water the plants, and she also captures rainwater from her roof."We have it go down the gutter, into this little piping system. That goes under the ground, the sidewalk, under this bed and comes out to the tomatoes over here," said Thompson.Even the housing for her chickens has multiple uses. The coop catches rainwater which leads to a cherry tree. And, since the chickens are only 3-feet tall, she built a greenhouse on one side, allowing the chickens to roam underneath."With chickens, they give us eggs, but also they give us manure, and we can actually turn that manure into the soil and have more fertile soil," said Thompson.Thompson has been growing on her lot since she moved in nine years ago. She says especially now with COVID-19, more and more people are planting on their own land. She says seeds and plants are hard to come by."That’s a good sign to me. Sometimes we need a crisis to kind of wake us up to be active and to really see where some of our vulnerabilities are," said Thompson.She says while we’re not in a food emergency right now, she feels secure knowing she could live off her yield."If there was a food supply chain kink, for whatever reason, I know I can still go outside and get my food and know how to preserve it," said Thompson.But there’s also a sense of pride in her tiny farm by doing something our ancestors did many generations ago."When I go out here, and I see the plants growing and changing from winter to the end of summer, I feel so satisfied on a deeper level that I know how to do this," said Thompson.Through her tiny farm school, she teaches kids and adults how to start and build their own urban homestead."When I bring students here and they learn, it’s beautiful. They are like, 'I want to do something like this.' I’ve had several people say that they want to start schools too to share this information. It’s empowering," said Thompson. 2619

NATIONAL CITY (CNS) - Authorities today identified a motorcyclist who was killed in a collision at a South Bay intersection.Andrew Balderas, 21, of San Ysidro, was riding a Yamaha motorcycle eastbound in the 100 block of Mile of Cars Way just before 7 a.m. Thursday when a Toyota minivan made a left turn directly into his path at Transportation Avenue, according to the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office.Balderas, who was wearing a helmet, struck the minivan and was ejected onto the roadway, according to a Medical Examiner's Office statement.An off-duty emergency medical technician arrived shortly after the collision, called 911 and began performing CPR on Balderas, the Medical Examiner's Office said. When paramedics arrived, Balderas was unresponsive and had no pulse. He was transported to UCSD Medical Center in Hillcrest, but doctors were unable to revive him.The minivan driver remained at the scene and cooperated with investigators, National City police Sgt. Jeffrey Meeks said.Intoxication was not believed to have been a factor in the collision, Meeks said. 1090