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BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Sino-U.S. ties have been warmed up for U.S. President Barack Obama's upcoming China visit by frequent contacts between high-level officials from both sides, Chinese experts said Thursday.     The 20th meeting of China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) was officially convened on Thursday morning in China's eastern city of Hangzhou.     This year's JCCT talks, highlighted by U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke, Trade Representative Ron Kirk and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack, were widely seen as part of preparations for the presidential summit next month.     "Today's JCCT meeting laid a solid groundwork and made full preparations for President Obama's visit in two weeks, which will help build the positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-U.S. relations toward the 21st century," China's Minister of Commerce Chen Deming said at the end of talks.     In the meantime, Xu Caihou, vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission, was paying his first visit to the United States under the Obama administration.     During his talks with U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Xu and Gates explored ways to further military-to-military cooperation and reached agreement on seven points, which included Gates' visit to China in 2010 and mutual visits of warships.     The agreement on conducting joint maritime searches and rescue exercises has already had the embryonic form of crisis management mechanism, said Ding Xinghao, president of the Shanghai Association of American Studies.     During the 11-day visit, the Chinese general was also invited to visit some sensitive military sites, including the Strategic Command Headquarter, which was in charge of nuclear weapons and cyber war.     Xu's visits to the sensitive military sites showed the U.S. military's willingness to promote mutual trust with the Chinese military, said Fu Mengzi, a researcher with the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations.     Since the Obama administration took office, Sino-U.S. relations have witnessed a smooth transition and maintained a good momentum of development.     In June 2009, the defense ministries of China and the United States held the 10th defense consultation. In July, the two countries held their first round strategic and economic dialogue. In August, the two militaries held the maritime military security consultation.     In addition, Obama issued a "presidential determination" On Sept. 29 that shifted authority for approving sales to China of missile and space technology from the White House to the Commerce Department, a move viewed by experts as Washington's delivery of goodwill to Beijing.     It was also noteworthy that U.S. Deputy Secretary of State James B. Steinberg proposed a new term to describe U.S.-China relations in his keynote address entitled "Administration's Vision of the U.S.-China Relationship" at the Center for a New American Security in Washington on Sept. 24.     "Strategic reassurance", as Steinberg noted, means that "just as we and our allies must make clear that we are prepared to welcome China's 'arrival'...China must reassure the rest of the world that its development and growing global role will not come at the expense of security and well-being of others."     This term captured the crux of Sino-U.S. ties, said Niu Xinchun, vice director of the Center for American Studies at the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations. "It is aimed at realizing the strategic mutual trust between the two countries."     The foundation for the sustained and stable development of bilateral ties lies in mutual trust, he said, but trade frictions between the two nations show that mutual trust still needs to be strengthened.     Obama announced in September to impose 35 percent punitive tariffs on all car and light truck tires from China for three years.     Just on Tuesday, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced preliminary determination that intended to impose a tariff up to 12 percent on the steel grafting and steel strand imported from China, valued 269 million U.S. dollars.     In addition, China and the United States still have differences on some issues concerning China's core interests, such as U.S. arms sales to Taiwan and Tibet-related issues.     Although both sides have the willingness to enhance mutual trust, it is still difficult for them to fulfill the goal, said Fu Mengzi, adding it needs sustained efforts from both sides.     "Sino-U.S. relations are now standing at a new historical starting point," said Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan at the opening ceremony of the 20th JCCT meeting. "President Obama's first China visit will surely provide new opportunities for bilateral cooperation."

BEIJING, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) -- A new pricing mechanism of fuel surcharge that links it with airlines' jet fuel costs has been introduced to offset rising jet fuel costs, China's top economic planner announced here Thursday.     The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), together with the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), said in a statement on its website that the fuel surcharge keep abreast with China's jet fuel comprehensive purchasing costs.     The new mechanism, which would take effect on Nov. 14, aims to "help the airlines with fluctuating fuel prices", as jet fuel costs usually account for 40 percent of the total costs of China's airline companies, said the statement.     Under the new mechanism, airline companies could decide themselves whether to charge fuel surcharge and how much to charge if jet fuel comprehensive purchasing cost, which is the weighted average of domestic factory-gate prices for jet fuel and prices of imported fuel, reaches certain level.     Currently, the surcharge level was set uniformly by the government.     According to the new mechanism, when jet fuel comprehensive purchasing cost is lower than 4140 yuan per tonne, the benchmark price of jet fuel, airline companies should not charge fuel surcharge.     When jet fuel comprehensive purchasing cost exceeds the level, the companies should digest at least 20 percent of the rising cost and then charge appropriate surcharge, the statement said.     Also, fuel surcharge should be reduced or canceled within five days after jet fuel comprehensive purchasing cost drops, it said.     China raised gasoline and diesel prices both by 480 yuan (70.28U.S. dollars) per tonne Tuesday. The benchmark price of gasoline reached 7,100 yuan a tonne and that of diesel 6,360 yuan a tonne, according to the NDRC.

BEIJING, Dec. 23 (Xinhua) -- China's Supreme People's Court (SPC) on Wednesday published two regulations, pledging to improve media supervision and public access to the courts' case filing, trial, hearing and law enforcement process, as well as to the verdict documents and court affairs.     The two regulations were aimed to improve judicial democracy, ensure judicial justice, and protect the legitimate rights of the litigants and defendants involved, said Sun Jungong, spokesman of the SPC, during a press conference.     According to the regulations, people involved in lawsuits would have access to all relevant information when filing a lawsuit, and would be kept informed of important information during the law enforcement process.     In open-trial cases, the public and journalists could attend the trials after safety checks.     The courts' verdict documents would be published online if they did not include state secrets, teenage criminal records, personal privacy or other contents inappropriate for publication, while the courts' affairs would also be made public.     Meanwhile, the regulations said journalists might face criminal charges if they disclose state or business secrets, impair national and social interests, distort facts when covering on-going trials, violate the reputation rights of judges or people involved in lawsuits, or conduct any other activities that may harm judicial justice.