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WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

BEIJING, Nov. 6 (Xinhua) -- Employment quality in China is relatively low, which is a major reason affecting the quality of economic growth, says a latest report on the labor market.The report, released Saturday by the Labor Market Research Center of the Beijing Normal University focusing on the quality of employment in China, says Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin were the top three cities in terms of employment quality, adding the overall employment quality in China is still low."Poor employment quality in China is a major reason for the poor quality of economic growth," said Lai Desheng, a professor with the Beijing Normal University.

BEIJING, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- China and member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on Saturday held a meeting of senior officials on the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in South China Sea.All the participants had in-depth discussion and reached a series of consensus, said a press release posted on the Foreign Ministry's official website (www.fmprc.gov.cn).The meeting concluded that the general situation of South China Sea is peaceful and stable, and appreciated the positive efforts from all concerned sides.The meeting regarded 2011 as a fruitful year with positive progress made in implementing the declaration, and reached consensus on the future works, including to speed up specific cooperation projects, and to host seminars on maritime disaster-relief, environment, rescue and biology research.All the parties agreed to set up experts committees on maritime scientific research, environmental protection, security and rescue, and on the crackdown on cross-border crimes, and to better utilize the China-ASEAN fund on maritime cooperation.

BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- Surveillance data on the size and frequency of earthquakes in Antarctica collected by China's Great Wall Station show that the continent is not earthquake-free, a Chinese seismic expert said Thursday."China's newly-built seismic observatory in Great Wall Station has documented a hundred-odd earthquakes occurring in the region over the past year," said Chang Lijun, a member of China's 28th Antarctic expedition team.The discovery challenges the prevailing notion that the Antarctic has no earthquakes, as many earthquakes have gone undetected due to lack of seismological observation in the region.However, thanks to technological advances, scientists have discovered that the continent is still subject to some minor tremors.Chang, also an associate researcher at China Earthquake Administration's Geophysics Institute, said last year's earthquakes ranged in magnitude from 0.5 to 4, scales which are usually undetectable to common people.The tectonic movements of Antarctica, which sits on two plates that pulled away from each other in the northern Ross Sea between 28 and 40 million years ago, but later converged, fascinate geologists worldwide.At the end of 2010, Chinese scientists set up a new broadband seismic observatory in Great Wall Station, greatly increasing China's ability to measure tremors and tectonic movements on the continent.

BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhuanet) -- Kids with a depressed father tend to have more behavior issues than those with a happy father, a latest US study shows.The study, published in the journal Pediatrics, used data from home interviews with almost 22,000 families. All of them had a child aged between five and 17, and both a mother and father living at home, according to a Reuters report Tuesday.After analyzing the data, researchers found 11 percent of the children with a depressed father had problems at home or at school, whereas only six percent of those with a happy father had such problems.This is one of the first large-scale studies focusing on the connection between depressed fathers and children's behavior, said study author Michael Weitzman from the New York University School of Medicine.In addition, the study echoed the previous finding that mothers' depression could increase children's emotional and behavior problems.It was reported that 19 percent of the children in the study struggled emotionally and behaviorally if their mother was depressed."Parents who are depressed tend to engage less with their children, tend to display less positive behaviors, and display more harsh, negative and critical behaviors," said Jeremy Pettit, a psychologist not involved in the study, cited by Reuters.