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LOS ANGELES, May 15 (Xinhua) -- Using a simple, minimally- invasive technique to analyze cells from the interior of the nose, U.S. researchers have detected lung cancer in its earliest stage.For the study, the researchers at the Boston University Medical Center collected nasal epithelial cells from thirty three smokers who were undergoing medically-indicated bronchoscopies for suspicion of lung cancer, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Sunday.Of these patients, 11 were found to have benign disease and 22 had lung cancer. Brushings were taken from the right or left nostril and profiled on microarrays, a process that allows researchers to study gene expression changes.The researchers identified 170 genes that were differentially expressed between patients with and without lung cancer. They also found that genes linked to colon cancer and adenocarcinoma, as well as genes that trigger cell division and blood vessel growth, were expressed more heavily in patients with cancer. Genes involved in tumor suppression were also expressed at lower levels in these patients.Earlier studies have used gene expression differences in the bronchial airways to identify lung cancer in its early stages. The researchers relied on those results to design the current study."In this study we used the same principle as we used in our earlier studies of bronchial tissue, only this time, those methods were used to study nasal cells," said study author Christina Anderlind, MD, Instructor of Medicine. "Our hypothesis was that the upper airway epithelium of smokers with lung cancer displays a cancer-specific gene expression pattern, and that this airway nasal gene expression signature reflects the changes that occur in lung tissue."

BEIJING, April 12 (Xinhuanet) -- Doctors may choose riskier treatment with fewer severe side effects for themselves than they'd recommend for their patients, according to a study in the Archives of Internal Medicine Tuesday. In the study, two sets of questions were sent to primary care physicians around the United States. One involved choosing between two types of colon cancer surgery and the other situation involved choosing no treatment for the flu, or choosing a made-up treatment less deadly than the disease but which could cause permanent paralysis. Of 242 physicians who answered the colon cancer questionnaire, 38 percent went with the treatment that carried a higher risk of death but fewer side effects for themselves. By contrast, only a quarter said they would recommend that treatment to their patients.In the flu scenario, 63 percent chose the deadlier option of no treatment for themselves, versus 49 percent recommending it for patients.The findings are important because patients faced with difficult medical decisions often ask their doctors, "What would you do?" The answer reflects the doctors' values -- not necessarily those of the patients.Doctors should know what their patients value most before giving advice, and patients should ask doctors the reasons behind their answers, said study author Dr. Peter Ubel, an internist and behavioral scientist at Duke University.

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- A study led by researchers at the University of Michigan (U-M) showed in animal studies that new cancer drug compounds they developed shrank tumors, with few side effects.The study, done in two mouse models of human cancer, looked at two compounds designed to activate a protein that kills cancer cells. The protein, p53, is inactivated in a significant number of human cancers. In some cases, it is because another protein, MDM2, binds to p53 and blocks its tumor suppresser function. This allows the tumor to grow unchecked. The new compounds block MDM2 from binding to p53, consequently activating p53."For the first time, we showed that activation of p53 by our highly potent and optimized MDM2 inhibitors can achieve complete tumor regression in a mouse model of human cancer," says lead study author Shaomeng Wang, director of the Cancer Drug Discovery Program at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.Wang presented the study Wednesday at the American Association for Cancer Research 102nd annual meeting.Many traditional cancer drugs also activate p53 but they do so by causing DNA damage in both tumor cells and normal cells, causing side effects. These new MDM2 inhibitors activate p53 while avoiding the DNA damage common with other drugs. In this study, which was done in collaboration with Ascenta Therapeutics and Sanonfi-Aventis, researchers showed that these new drugs shrank tumors without significant side effects.Because p53 is involved in all types of human cancer, the new drug has potential to be used in multiple types of cancer. Further, the researchers also identified certain markers in tumors that predict which ones will be particularly sensitive to the MDM2 inhibitor, which would allow physicians to target the drug only to patients most likely to benefit.

BAIKONUR, Kazakhstan, April 5 (Xinhua) -- Russian manned spacecraft Soyuz TMA-21 has been transported to the launch pad and raised to a vertical position, ready to blast off on April 5, Xinhua correspondents reported Saturday from the site.The launch is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the first flight into space in 1961 carried out by Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.For hours, journalists and tourists from all over the world had braved a nasty weather and watched the train and trucks delivering the rocket to the pad.Service towers move towards the Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft, named after the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, as it is set on its launch pad at Baikonur cosmodrome April 2, 2011. The International Space Station (ISS) crew of U.S. astronaut Ronald Garan and crew mates Russian cosmonauts Alexandr Samokutyaev and Andrey Borisenko is due to travel by Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS on April 5.The Soyuz TMA-21 rocket will deliver three crew members to the International Space Station (ISS) on April 5. In a six-month mission, these cosmonauts will carry out over 40 experiments.The Soyuz TMA modification is a replacement of the Soyuz TM as it was equipped with smaller and more efficient computers and improved displays. The Soyuz TMA-21 will also serve as the return vehicle of the ISS crew.

BEIJING, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- China's foreign exchange watchdog said Thursday that the surplus of Chinese banks' foreign exchange purchases to sales in client transactions increased 51 percent through 2010 to stand at 397.7 billion U.S. dollars at year-end.China' s institutional and individual clients sold 1.33 trillion U.S. dollars in foreign exchange to banks in 2010 while purchasing 932.7 billion U.S. dollars, said the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) in an online statement.In 2009, the annual surplus fell 42 percent to 263.5 billion U.S. dollars, according to SAFE's data released in March 2010.The statement noted the figures did not include banks' own forex transactions and interbank transactions.The forex surplus in December 2010 totaled 51.5 billion U.S. dollars, as clients sold 146.2 billion U.S. dollars of foreign exchange, up 13 percent from November, while purchasing 94.7 billion U.S. dollars, up 12 percent, it said.Chinese banks received 1.89 trillion U.S. dollars for their clients in overseas business in 2010 and paid 1.59 trillion U.S. dollars to overseas business, it added.The SAFE only began releasing monthly and quarterly data on bank foreign exchange transactions in 2010.