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Hundreds of thousands of dollars in coronavirus relief payments have been sent to people behind bars across the United States, and the IRS wants the money back. The federal tax agency is asking state officials to help claw back the cash it says was mistakenly sent. The legislation that authorized the payments during the pandemic doesn’t specifically exclude jail or prison inmates. An IRS spokesman says the agency is relying on the unrelated Social Security Act, which bans incarcerated people from receiving some types of benefit payments. Some groups say inmates need the money, especially if they've been recently released. 637

How accurate are the coronavirus tests used in the U.S.?Months into the outbreak, no one really knows how well many of the screening tests work, and experts at top medical centers say it is time to do the studies to find out.When the new virus began spreading, the Food and Drug Administration used its emergency powers to OK scores of quickly devised tests, based mainly on a small number of lab studies showing they could successfully detect the virus.That’s very different from the large patient studies that can take weeks or months, which experts say are needed to provide a true sense of testing accuracy.The FDA’s speedy response came after it was initially criticized for delaying the launch of new tests during a crisis and after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stumbled in getting its own test out to states.But with the U.S. outbreak nearly certain to stretch on for months or even years, some experts want the FDA to demand better evidence of the tests’ accuracy so doctors know how many infections might be missed.There have been more than 2 million confirmed coronavirus cases in the U.S. and more than 115,000 deaths, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. Cases in nearly half of U.S. states are rising.In recent weeks, preliminary findings have flagged potential problems with some COVID-19 tests, including one used daily at the White House. Faulty tests could leave many thousands of Americans with the incorrect assumption that they are virus-free, contributing to new flare-ups of the disease as communities reopen.“In the beginning, the FDA was under a lot of pressure to get these tests onto the marketplace,” said Dr. Steven Woloshin of Dartmouth College, who wrote about the issue in the New England Journal of Medicine last week. “But now that there are plenty of tests out there, it’s time for them to raise the bar.”The FDA said in a statement that it has already asked multiple test makers to do follow-up accuracy studies, although it didn’t say for how many of the more than 110 authorized screening tests. The agency also said it is tracking reports of problems. Accuracy has also been an issue with blood tests that look for signs of past infections.No screening test is 100% accurate. So details on accuracy are routinely provided for tests of all types, including seasonal flu, hepatitis, HIV and cancers. For example, rapid flu tests are known to miss 20% or more of all cases, a factor doctors weigh when treating patients who have symptoms but test negative.For now, most COVID-19 tests in the U.S. don’t give data on real-world performance, including how often the tests falsely clear patients of infection or falsely detect the virus. That information is lacking for all but a few of the roughly 80 commercial screening tests available, according to an Associated Press review.The government’s emergency authorization process “requires a lower level of evidence,” the agency said. Makers need only show that a test “may be effective” instead of the usual requirement to demonstrate “safety and effectiveness.” They would have to meet that higher threshold once the U.S. government declares the emergency over.Many of the commercial test makers submitted results from 60 samples, the minimum number required and mostly used lab-produced specimens of the virus. The FDA now recommends the use of nasal swabs or other real samples from people screened for coronavirus.Experts say larger patient studies patients are needed to assess a test’s true performance.Lab testing bears little resemblance to actual — sometimes imperfect — conditions at hospitals, clinics and testing sites noted Dr. Robert Kaplan of Stanford University.“You’re testing people in parking lots, the patients themselves are extremely anxious and often unable to follow instructions,” said Kaplan, a former associate director of the National Institutes of Health.Kaplan and others say those differences could explain why some tests are not performing as expected.Last month, the FDA warned doctors of a potential accuracy problem with Abbott Laboratories’ rapid ID Now test, which delivers results in roughly 15 minutes. The test has been lauded by President Donald Trump and used to screen the president, his staff and visitors to the White House.The FDA alert followed a preliminary report by New York University that found Abbott’s test missed between a third to one-half of infections caught by a rival test in patients screened for the virus.Abbott rejected the findings, saying the researchers did not follow the instructions for using its test. The company pointed to alternate patient studies, including its own, that have found the test successfully detects between 91% and 95% or more of virus cases when compared to other tests.But similar problems with ID NOW’s accuracy have been flagged in preliminary reports by researchers at Stanford University, Loyola University and the Cleveland Clinic.For now, the FDA is requiring Abbott to conduct follow-up studies in several different patient groups.The FDA’s emergency standards “are still high but there is a significant difference in the body of work that what would go into a submission under the normal process,” said Abbott vice president John Hackett. “Our normal process takes years to bring these out.”Requiring bigger studies of all coronavirus tests could provide valuable information, but it could also strain the FDA’s already stretched staff and resources, said Dr. Daniel Schultz, former director of the FDA’s medical device center.Dr. Colin West of the Mayo Clinic worries doctors and patients have put too much confidence in the current crop of tests, when an unknown number of patients with COVID-19 are likely receiving false negative results.Even a modest error rate can have grave consequences during an outbreak like COVID-19. West gives the example of a test that is 95% accurate at detecting the virus and is used on 1 million people. That would still result in 50,000 people being incorrectly told that they don’t have the virus.“The negative test does not mean that I’m off the hook,” West said. “We just need to maintain that level of vigilance until we have a better sense of how good these tests really can be.”___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter.___Follow AP pandemic coverage at http://apnews.com/VirusOutbreak and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 6604

In an election year in the middle of a global coronavirus pandemic, a new study finds the majority of Americans, about 80 percent, are confident in-person polling places will be run safely.Survey respondents also seem to agree that it is important for Americans to learn who won the election within a day or two of Election Day, about 82 percent, but only about 50 percent feel confident this will actually happen.Other questions asked on a recent Pew Research Center study appear to have strong partisan divisions.When it comes to being confident about in-person versus mail-in ballots being counted, overall 90 percent of respondents feel good about in-person ballots being counted as voters intended.The confidence in mail-in ballots being counted as voters intended differs; just 37 percent of those who support President Donald Trump say they are confident in mail-in ballots, compared to 77 percent of those who support Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden.These feelings lead to a 30-point difference in which supporters are planning to cast their ballot in person on Election Day; 50 percent of Trump supporters say they will vote in-person, while just 20 percent of Biden supporters say they will.Roughly 20 percent of both Trump supporters and Biden supporters reported they had already voted or planned to vote in-person during their state’s early voting.The sides also differ on their feelings about how Election Day will be administered around the country. About 90 percent of all survey participants have confidence in their local community elections to be run well.However, 72 percent of Biden supporters feel confident about elections around the country and just 50 percent of Trump supporters feel confident about elections being run well around the country.The survey was conducted the first week of October, talking to more than 11,900 American adults. 1884

Hurricane Maria caused an estimated 2,975 deaths in Puerto Rico, according to a new report from George Washington University -- 46 times more than the official toll given by the government.Researchers calculated excess deaths that occurred in the US commonwealth between September 2017 and February 2018.The study was commissioned by the Puerto Rican government after the September 2017 storm.The latest estimated death toll is far higher than the current official toll of 64.A key unanswered question: Will the Puerto Rican government now revise its official tally as a result?Another uncertainty: Will this new study, conducted at the request of Puerto Rican officials, provide any closure to families who've long argued their loved ones died because of the storm, but haven't received any official acknowledgment? 824

Hundreds of flights were canceled and 14 million people were under a blizzard warning Sunday as a storm brought snow, wind and rain to large stretches of the Midwest.Kansas Gov. Jeff Colyer issued a state of emergency declaration for the state.Kansas City International Airport was closed to flights arriving on the airfield due to low visibility caused by weather conditions and limited visibility under a quarter-mile, according to an airport tweet.The Kansas Division of Emergency Management's Twitter page said the declaration "authorizes the use of state resources and personnel to assist with response and recovery operations in affected counties.""We strongly recommend that you postpone travel plans, if possible; however, if you must be on the road, make sure your vehicle's emergency kit is stocked, your gas tank is full and your cell phone and charger are with you and someone knows your travel plans," the declaration reads.Multiple roads are closed across the state due to whiteout conditions, according to the KanDrive website.The weather system was forecast to move into the Great Lakes region before hitting the Northeast on Monday, according to CNN meteorologist Haley Brink.Due to the addition of Cook County, Illinois, the number of people under blizzard warnings jumped from 8 million to 14 million. The National Weather Service office in Chicago said the worst will come late Sunday.Nearly 20 million people were under a high-wind advisory. This includes residents of Kansas and some in parts of Missouri, Nebraska and Iowa.Fort Hays State University student Brooks Barber captured the blizzard conditions in Hays, Kansas, on Sunday morning. Streets were dark, and many were without power, he said.The National Weather Service's Topeka office posted a video of near-blizzard conditions.Whiteout conditions brought low visibility to the small town of Chariton, Iowa, which is an hour south of Des Moines.The region could see whiteouts and slick roads throughout Sunday, making travel difficult if not impossible at times, Brink said."It's pretty treacherous travel conditions," she said.Forecasts say snowfall totals of 6 to 10 inches are possible across the Midwest. Some areas could receive as much as a foot of snow within the next 24 to 36 hours.By Monday, Brink said, the storm will have moved into the Northeast. Parts of New England could see snow, while cities along the coast are forecast to receive heavy rain.Also, 17 million people are under wind advisories. Sustained winds of between 30 and 45 mph are anticipated, with the possibility of 65 mph gusts.The storm's impacts have been felt already by travelers on the final days of the Thanksgiving holiday rush. Nearly 1,000 US flights had been canceled by late afternoon Sunday, with delays to 3,100 flights, according to flight-tracking website FlightAware. Most were at Chicago's O'Hare International and Midway airports.And an approximately 60-mile stretch of Interstate 70 in Kansas has been closed, according to a tweet from the state's Department of Transportation, from WaKeeney to Russell. 3089