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LOS ANGELES, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Rural elders are far more likely to be overweight or obese, physically inactive and food insecure than their suburban counterparts, three risk factors for heart disease, diabetes and repeated falls, a new study suggests."The countryside can have an isolating effect," said lead researcher Steven P. Wallace, deputy director of the Center for Health Policy Research at the University of California, Los Angeles. "When even a trip to the grocery store is a significant drive, seniors can become trapped in their houses."The researchers based their finding on analyzing the lifestyles and living conditions in California countryside.The study found that despite living in the countryside, where open space is plentiful and there is often significant agricultural production, California's more than half a million rural elders have higher rates of developing various health problems than their urban and suburban counterparts.These problems include:-- Older adults in rural areas are more often overweight or obese (61.3 percent) than their urban (57.3 percent) and suburban (54.0 percent) counterparts;-- Rural older adults do not get enough exercise;-- One in five rural elders do not participate in either moderate or vigorous physical activity in their leisure time;-- Rural and urban older adults are more likely to be food insecure; and-- One in five low-income older adults in rural settings report that they cannot consistently afford enough food to last the month, a rate is about twice that of low-income suburban adults.Approximately 710,000 Californians aged 65 and over live in the countryside -- almost one-fifth of all older adults in the state. Yet rural elders experience unique challenges to healthy living, including a lack of sidewalks, street lights, transportation services, access to healthy food outlets, parks, exercise facilities and health care sites. California's rural areas are also challenged by a dearth of physicians and other primary care providers, compelling many seniors to travel long distances to seek care, according to the study.The findings were published Tuesday on the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

CANBERRA, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- As many as a quarter of Australian women have experienced some form of assault or sexual abuse, and the higher proportion of the abuse, the higher rates of metal illness a woman tends to suffer from, a new study released on Wednesday found.Researchers from the University of Melbourne and the University of New South Wales conducted the study survey of 4451 Australian women aged 16 to 85. It looked at their experience of the four most common types of gender-based violence - sexual assault, rape, stalking and being badly beaten by their partners.About 15 percent of Australian women report sexual assault, while eight percent report rape, 10 percent said they have a stalker and eight percent report being beaten by their partner.It found strong links between those four types of violence and mental health problems including attempted suicide, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.Among the women who experienced at least one form of violence, 30 percent had a mood disorder, nearly 40 percent an anxiety disorder, 23 percent were abusing substances and 15 percent were affected by posttraumatic stress syndrome.For the women who suffered higher levels of violence, the rates of anxiety disorders was 77 percent, 52 percent for mood disorders, substance abuse 47 percent and posttraumatic stress syndrome 56 percent.More than six percent of women experienced one form of violent had attempted suicide, compared to 35 percent of women who suffered at least three forms of violence.Public health expert Dr Susan Rees from the University of New South Wales' school of psychiatry, who led the research, said she is especially concerned about the suicide rate of women who are abused."What we found was that there's a high association or a strong association between exposure to gender-based violence and all the three broad classes of mental disorder - so that includes mood, anxiety, substance abuse - and a very high association with attempted suicide," she said in the report released on Wednesday."Women who've not experienced gender-based violence have about a 1.6 percent rate of attempted suicide and that increased to six percent of women who had experienced one type of gender-based violence."She said that gender-based violence was also associated with physical disability, impaired quality of life and a worsening of any existing mental disorders.Dr Rees called for the health care system, particularly psychiatric services, to work closer with women's services to improve support for victims of violence.She added that the federal government also need to underscore the importance of getting to the root cause of the violence against women by looking at attitudes towards women and gender inequality.The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

BEIJING, June 14 (Xinhuanet) -- Having a pet at home during the first year of a child may halve the risk of developing allergic to them later in life, a new study suggests.The study was published in the journal Clinical & Experimental Allergy.Researchers from Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit assessed 566 boys and girls who were followed from birth until age 18. They found that boys who had dogs and teens who had cats during their first year of life had 50 percent less risk of developing pet allergies later.Lead researcher Ganesha Wegienka said: "This research provides further evidence that experiences in the first year of life are associated with health status later in life, and that early life pet exposure does not put most children at risk of being sensitised to these animals later in life."The researchers said that exposure to animals at other times in childhood didn't appear to be as significant as the first year.However, Wegienka cautioned that this study doesn't prove a cause-and-effect relationship between having a pet and avoiding allergies, just an association between those two factors."We don't want to say that everyone should go out and get a dog or cat to prevent allergies," she said."More research is needed, though we think this is a worthwhile avenue to pursue."

SYDNEY, July 15 (Xinhua) -- The world's first drug to increase life expectancy of people with advanced melanoma has been approved for use in Australia, local media reported on Friday.The breakthrough drug Yervoy got approval from the Therapeutics Good Association (TGA) on Friday amid hopes it could add two years to the life of people with the most lethal form of skin cancer but for whom other treatments have failed, the Australian Associated Press (AAP) said.Clearance for the drug's use in Australia follows similar approvals by the U.S. health regulator in March.Yervoy works by attacking and destroying cancer cells.Patients are hooked up to an intravenous drip once every three weeks for a total of four doses.Professor Peter Hersey, consultant immunologist to the Melanoma Institute Australia, said no other drug had improved survival rates like Yervoy."Not all patients respond to it but those who do have a good chance of living longer than they would have otherwise," Hersey told AAP.While it may improve survival rates, Yervoy can produce side effects from diarrhea and vomiting to serious blood infections and kidney failure.The average survival time for people with advanced melanoma is just six months.A global study of 676 people with melanoma found that 45 percent of patients given Yervoy were still alive after one year, according to AAP.More than 20 percent lived at least two years, with a small number managing to survive for six years.A separate study, published in June, which showed similarly improved survival rates for patients with newly diagnosed advanced melanoma, has raised hopes that Yervoy could be made more widely available.Melanoma is the fourth most common cancer in Australia, with 10, 300 people diagnosed each year.

BANJUL, June 24 (Xinhua) -- Deputies at the Gambian National Assembly (parliament) on Friday passed a new bill entitled the "Food Safety and Quality Bill 2011".Under the new act, food operators are obliged to ensure food safety, quality production, processing and distribution within the business under their control and that their products must satisfy the requirements and regulations as demanded.Submitting the motion before deputies, Vice President and Minister for Women Affairs Isatou Njie-Saidy warned that the well- being of "our citizenry is at stake.""Giving our continuous drive to place health care on top of our development agenda, we call on all and sundry to join the bandwagon in the implementation of this bill," she said.She told deputies that the bill and the establishment of the Gambia Food Safety and Quality Authority is consistent with the regulation worked out by the West African bloc ECOWAS on the health and safety of plants, animals and food in the region.The Gambia Food Safety and Quality Authority being established by this bill will be the sole national competent authority having unitary responsibility for food safety and quality, she declared."In order to achieve the general objectives of a high level of protection of human health and life, measures applied under this Act shall be based on risk assessment," she added.

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