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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It's almost time for kids to head back to school, and that may have some parents considering their children's options. In California, parents have many options, including educating children at existing private schools, through a charter or independent study program, or by opening a private home-based school.But make no mistake; it’s a big undertaking. The State of California requires those choosing to homeschool their children to file a private school affidavit.RELATED: Back to school shopping comparison: Wide price range between Target, Staples, othersParents must provide all curricular, instructional and other materials. State rules also require parents to keep track of their children’s attendance.Another factor to consider is college. The state urges parents schooling at home to learn about student admission or eligibility at specific colleges and technical schools.RELATED: Tax-free weekend 2018: Participating states, dates and what you can buyFor parents considering homeschooling, it’s also important to know that the alternative diploma equivalencies for students who don’t attend public school are the GED or the California High School Proficiency Exam. 1217

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Many drivers around San Diego say they’re worried about being cited after seeing what some people call “smog checkpoints.”Motorists recently came across one of the mobile smog checks on Nimitz in Point Loma. A roadside team was inspecting cars to gather data in hopes of improving air quality.The mobile unit is set up to look like a DUI checkpoint, but stopping is voluntary. "I look ahead, and I see lights. It's obviously police action, and I'm thinking maybe there's a car accident,” said Nanci Washburn.Washburn said the activity created traffic backup, making her late for a meeting. "Here is a CHP car. Two officers, there's a whole blue tented area here with chairs. Once I got past that, here is a lift to put a car on."Washburn says the first thought that went through her head was that authorities were targeting older vehicles due to emission problems.10News spoke to the California Highway Patrol and the agency behind the smog checks, the Bureau of Automotive Repair. Those agencies say it’s not a checkpoint and no one is being impounded, rather, it’s a voluntary survey to help the state meet air quality standards.The agencies involved claim drivers aren’t penalized for not participating. "There's no fines and no penalties if they pass or fail, it's just informational. And we use this information to help us manage and evaluate the California Smog Check Program,” said Michael Lafferty.Essentially, the state is policing their program, officials claim. The checks are done in zip codes with poor air quality. 1556

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Jurors were again deadlocked in the retrial of the man accused of shooting two people outside of a Metallica concert in downtown San Diego in 2017.In July, 37-year-old Ray Pitoau had his first trial and was found guilty of three firearm charges, including felon in possession of a gun. But jurors were deadlocked when it came to charging him with three counts of assault with a deadly weapon.On Friday a jury, again, could not reach a verdict on the assault charges against Pitoau.RELATED: 526

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Leaders from Mexico and San Diego led a conference on the effort to end human trafficking Tuesday at Liberty Station. Carlos Gonzalez Gutierrez, who recently took over as Mexico's Consul General in San Diego, was the first speaker, followed by San Diego District Attorney Summer Stephan.An estimate by the United Nations reveals that millions of people are living in modern day slavery worldwide. In San Diego, the most common form of human trafficking is for sexual exploitation. The District Attorney's office told 10News that between 3,000 and 7,000 women are sex trafficked through the county each year, with the average age of the victim's being just 16.RELATED: Two teens arrested in San Diego for possible sex trafficking of 12-year-old girl"We have to watch the borders, but we also have to watch in the privacy of the bedrooms of our kids," Stephan said during an interview with 10News.The forum came just a few days after 18 Camp Pendleton Marines and one Navy sailor were arrested, accused of taking part in human trafficking and drug smuggling from Mexico. At least one marine allegedly accepted a ,000 payment to transport undocumented immigrants after they made their way into the United States."It isn't surprising that they would use persons that would appear trustworthy like our military in order to transport either humans or drugs," Stephan said. 1395

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