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SAN FRANCISCO, March 21 (Xinhua) -- Microsoft on Monday sued Barnes & Noble, claiming patent infringement by the largest book retailer in the United States.Microsoft said it filed legal actions on Monday in both the U.S. International Trade Commission and the U.S. District Court of the Western District of Washington against Barnes & Noble, as well as Foxconn and Inventec, two manufacturers of Barnes & Noble's devices.According to Microsoft, the actions focus on the patent infringement by Barnes & Noble's Nook e-reader and tablet, both of which run Google's Android operating system.The patents at issue cover a range of functionality embodied in Android devices that are essential to the user experience, including natural ways of interacting with devices by tabbing through various screens to find the information they need, surfing the Web more quickly and interacting with documents and e-books, Microsoft said in a press release."The Android platform infringes a number of Microsoft's patents, and companies manufacturing and shipping Android devices must respect our intellectual property rights," Horacio Gutierrez, Microsoft's corporate vice president and deputy general counsel, was quoted by the press release as saying.Writing in a separate company blog post, Gutierrez said that the latest actions bring to 25 the total number of Microsoft patents in litigation for infringement by Android smartphones, tablets and other devices.He noted that Microsoft has established a licensing program to address Android's ongoing infringement, and leading Android smartphone manufacturer HTC has taken a license under this program.Amazon.com also signed a patent license with Microsoft last year covering its Kindle e-reader, he added."Unfortunately, after more than a year of discussions, Barnes & Noble, Foxconn and Inventec have so far been unwilling to sign a license, and therefore, we have no other choice but to bring legal action to defend our innovations," Gutierrez said in the blog post.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

WASHINGTON, May 4 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Wednesday that its Gravity Probe B (GP-B) mission has confirmed two key predictions derived from Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which the spacecraft was designed to test.The experiment, launched in 2004, used four ultra-precise gyroscopes to measure the hypothesized geodetic effect, the warping of space and time around a gravitational body, and frame- dragging, the amount a spinning object pulls space and time with it as it rotates.GP-B determined both effects with unprecedented precision by pointing at a single star, IM Pegasi, while in a polar orbit around Earth. If gravity did not affect space and time, GP-B's gyroscopes would point in the same direction forever while in orbit. But in confirmation of Einstein's theories, the gyroscopes experienced measurable, minute changes in the direction of their spin, while Earth's gravity pulled at them.The findings are available online in the journal Physical Review Letters."Imagine the Earth as if it were immersed in honey. As the planet rotates, the honey around it would swirl, and it's the same with space and time," said Francis Everitt, GP-B principal investigator at Stanford University. "GP-B confirmed two of the most profound predictions of Einstein's universe, having far- reaching implications across astrophysics research."GP-B is one of the longest running projects in NASA history, with agency involvement starting in the fall of 1963 with initial funding to develop a relativity gyroscope experiment. Subsequent decades of development led to groundbreaking technologies to control environmental disturbances on spacecraft, such as aerodynamic drag, magnetic fields and thermal variations. The mission's star tracker and gyroscopes were the most precise ever designed and produced.GP-B completed its data collection operations and was decommissioned in December 2010."The mission results will have a long-term impact on the work of theoretical physicists," said Bill Danchi, senior astrophysicist and program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Every future challenge to Einstein's theories of general relativity will have to seek more precise measurements than the remarkable work GP-B accomplished."

BEIJING, Feb. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan on Sunday called for sound and fast development of the nation's tourism industry as he called it a strategic pillar of the national economy.The tourism industry has huge potential, which needs further opening up, reform and innovation. Market should play a fundamental role in allocating the resources, Wang told a meeting of tourism work.He stressed the diversified needs of customers should be met, and the market order should be standardized to protect customer's legitimate rights."Local authorities should work together to make tourism a strategic pillar industry," he said.Wang also noted tour guide forces play a very important role in the industry development.More training should be arranged in the areas of professional skills and ethics, as well as response to emergencies.The wage and social security system of the work force should also be improved, he said.

CAIRO, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- As part of bilateral efforts to enhance cultural cooperation between the two great civilizations, China, as the Guest of Honor, will participate in the 43rd Cairo International Book Fair in Egypt."An outstanding Chinese delegation will attend the fair to inform the Egyptian people all about Chinese culture," said Chen Dongyun, cultural counsellor of the Chinese Embassy in Egypt.Some 248 publishers, 13 renowned scholars, writers and artists will display about 10,000 books about the achievements made by China in various fields such as politics, economy, science and technology, and culture.The fair, the most important of its kind in the Arab region, will be held on Jan. 29 through Feb. 8 in the Cairo International Conference Center. The annual fair began in 1969.The Chinese hall in the center covers an area of 1,400 square meters, with special areas allocated for a variety of exhibitions about the history of the evolution of Chinese characters, photos reflecting Sino-Egypt friendship and landscape of modern China and intangible cultural heritage.The fair also includes a seminar featuring literature and translation among Chinese and Egyptian writers and artists and a week-long film show in which six Chinese films with Arabic subtitles will be introduced to the audience.Chinese participation reflected the common consensus of the leaders of the two countries to deepen mutual understanding and friendship and will serve to promote the sound and sustainable development of bilateral relations, Chen said.Zhang Jichen, vice president of China National Publications Import and Export (Group) Corporation, which is in charge of the organization of the Chinese activities at the fair, said a cooperation agreement between the General Administration of Press and Publication of China and Egypt's Ministry of Culture.China will also present some 1,000 high-quality books to the National Library and Archives of Egypt and the Alexandria Library.The fair is expected to attract 632 publishers from 29 countries, including 17 in the Middle East. More than two million visitors participate in the fair each year.

来源：资阳报