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NASA's Parker Solar Probe has broken the world record for the closest approach to the sun ever achieved by a man-made spacecraft — and it's not stopping yet.The probe surpassed the previous record of 26.55 million miles from the star's surface on Monday October 29 at around 1:04 pm ET.The previous record was held by the Helios 2 craft, which was launched from Florida's Cape Canaveral Air Force station in 1976.The Parker Solar Probe is now expected to continue its approach, passing through the corona, or the sun's outer atmosphere, next week, reaching within 15 million miles of its surface. 604

Nearly a week after Florida Gators hoops star Keyontae Johnson collapsed during a game against Florida State, which left him hospitalized and in critical condition. Friday, Johnson posted a video on Twitter, thanking everyone for their support.In the video, Johnson thanked fans for their support and prayers. He also thanked the doctors and medical staff."Hey everybody. First and foremost, I’d like to thank God. I know y’all have been sending your prayers out the last few weeks, and me and my parents are very grateful for the prayers going out,” Johnson said in the video. “To all the doctors and medical staff … I do want to say thank you for all the support y’all gave me — especially to the lady that was in the gym at Florida State. To my Gator Nation and the UF athletic family, I just want to thank you for all the prayers that you gave onto me. Go Gators.” 876

Neanderthals may not have been that different from us, after all.New evidence reveals that they created the world's oldest known cave paintings and even wore seashells as body ornaments. Both behaviors suggest that they thought symbolically and had an artistic sensibility like modern humans. Two studies published Thursday in the journal Science detail the latest findings."Undoubtedly it is showing that Neanderthals were thinking and behaving just like modern humans," Alistair Pike, co-author of the studies and professor of archaeological sciences at the University of Southampton, wrote in an email."We should no longer think of them as a different species, just humans in different places," he said.The new findings of symbolic thinking show that Neanderthals and modern humans were cognitively indistinguishable, the researchers said.Cave paintings and artifacts like painted seashells have long been regarded as the work of early modern humans, who were thought to have more advanced cognitive abilities than Neanderthals. Dating cave paintings can be a difficult process, and unreliable techniques never allowed for the possibility that these could be the work of Neanderthals.Until now, that is. A new technique called Uranium-Thorium dating is less destructive, is more accurate and can go back further in time than other methods. U-Th dating looks at the deposits of carbonate on top of the paint, which contain traces of uranium and thorium that indicate when those deposits formed. That allows the researchers to determine an age for what's under the deposits.The researchers applied this technique to paintings in the La Pasiega, Maltravieso and Ardales caves in Spain, which had never received "robust" dating. The paintings include red and black images of animals, dots, lines, disks and other geometric signs. There also are engravings, hand prints and hand stencils.Those hand stencils are particularly significant, and not just because they represent the hand size of a Neanderthal."A red line, a red dot or even a positive hand print could potentially be made 'accidentally,' " wrote Dirk Hoffmann, lead author of the studies and archaeologist with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in an email."Of course, I am sure that this is not the case, since you would still need to bring [in] light and pigment, but one could argue that all you need is some pigment on your hand when you lean against a wall. A hand stencil cannot be explained like that. You have to hold your hand against the wall and the deliberately spray pigment over this. This is why we emphasize the hand stencil."The dating revealed that the cave art was created more than 64,000 years ago -- 20,000 years before modern humans appeared in what is now considered Europe.The shells were found in the Cueva de los Aviones, a sea cave in southeastern Spain. They are unique because they are perforated with holes and colored with red and yellow pigment. Others served as containers for the mineral pigments themselves. The pigments were used on the shells but could have also been used for the cave paintings and even as body paint.The deposit layer containing the shells dated to 115,000 years ago, which is even older than other shells recovered in Africa that were dated to modern humans."The standard archaeological interpretation of such finds is that they are body ornaments," Hoffmann said. "Similar finds were made in Africa or the Levant with similar age. In Africa or the Levant, these were made by modern humans, in Spain Neanderthals made them. So in terms of symbolism, early modern humans and Neanderthals were similar."The researchers are absolutely confident in their dating technique."We have spent 10 years refining the technique and have numerous quality controls," Pike said. "The dates respect the growth axis of the deposits we are dating, the oldest closest to the painting, the youngest at the surface."Once modern humans left Africa and migrated to Europe and other areas, mixing with the Neanderthals would've been inevitable. The researchers believe that the Neanderthals created this artwork on their own, without being influenced by any other population. But it's possible that they exchanged symbolism or that Neanderthals influenced the art and symbolism of modern humans. Modern humans were capable of symbolic behavior, so it "turns the who's copying who debate on its head," Pike said."The idea that culture only evolved with modern humans no longer makes sense," Pike said. Hoffmann suggested that Neanderthals now be referred to as "very close cousins" of modern humans.Is it possible that anyone else may have created the cave paintings?Pike said it is incredibly doubtful that a population of early modern humans migrated to Europe so early without any other evidence to suggest it."We cannot of course rule out that pre-Neanderthal populations made the art," Pike said. "This sounds like a project for the future."Hoffmann, Pike and their colleagues want to use their new dating technique in more caves in Spain, as well as France and Italy -- and anywhere else Neanderthals are known to lived.The findings also raise new questions for researchers."How far back does symbolic behavior go? Can it be traced to the last common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals? This is perhaps where we should be looking," Pike said. 5398

My son, Bob, was a drug addict. He died of a drug overdose January 29, 2014 at the age of 29. He spent the last 9-10 years of his life battling drug addiction, in and out of jail for drug related issues, and living on the street in between trying to get the monkey off his back. Bob comes from a middle-class family. He has two sisters, two brothers, and eight nieces and nephews. I am a retired teacher and his dad is a general contractor who owns his own business. It’s hard to believe that this charming, articulate, smart, people magnet could find his way down into the miserable life of drug addiction.Bob was the cutest little boy. He had white blonde hair and the biggest grin. He was the most easy-going kid to raise. And boy could he talk! There was no such thing as a stranger to Bob. He would go up and start a conversation with anyone. People would be amazed that this little guy would carry on an interesting conversation with them. He went to great schools in a great school district and had wonderful friends. In high school, Bob and his friends went to parties and drank alcohol and smoked marijuana (as he told us later). But he didn’t get in any trouble and graduated from Clovis High School. It was after high school that the real trouble began. Bob moved in with some friends and somehow, found out about Oxycontin. A friend gave them some that he stole from his mom or grandmother who had cancer. They continued to buy them from him and probably other people. It got to a point where they started committing crimes to get money to buy the drugs. They robbed a pizza delivery person and broke into someone’s house to get the drug. This ended with Bob and some of his friends landing in jail. It all happened so fast we were shocked. At the time, no one knew much about Oxycontin. I talked to a police officer and he said this was something new to hit the streets and they didn’t know that much about it. At about this time, Rush Limbaugh was in the news with his problems with addiction to this drug. Bob and many of his friends from Clovis High and Buchanan High were caught in this first wave as the addiction to Oxy was a gateway to the harder drugs. Bob did his time in jail and entered a rehab program. He was there a year and did good in the program but eventually went back to drugs. He spent the next 9 years sliding down to a point where he was living on the streets just trying to do whatever he could to get drugs. It was heartbreaking for his family. We all tried to help him. He went back to rehab but walked out. He detoxed several times at home (what a horrible thing that is to experience) but each time he went back to drugs. His great big world got smaller and smaller until it was just drugs. At one point in this I just could not take anymore. I was driving to school and I just broke down and cried. I told God – I can’t carry this burden any longer. I felt a physical release as God took that weight off my shoulders. I felt him say, “I will carry this for you. I will help you every step of the way.” I didn’t get the sense that God was going to fix Bob. But that He would walk this road with me. This is how I was able to get through Bob’s journey. It is so hard when your child is struggling with addiction. It’s not something you talk to people about openly. You see people in the grocery store and talk about your family. Johnny is doing great in college; Suzy was just crowned Homecoming queen. What’s Bob doing? I’d make things up because I knew Bob did not want people to know, I was too tired to keep telling the story over and over, and I hated the pity I would see in their eyes if I did tell it. We miss him. His nieces and nephew miss him. We couldn’t figure out how to save him. We tried to do all the things you hear about – use tough love, make them hit rock bottom. But to be honest, its all bullshit. We took a tough stance with Bob and followed the rehab’s advice. Bob’s best friend’s parents did not go that route. They kept their son home and continued to enable him and try and keep him going. His friend died of an overdose a year and a half after Bob. His mom feels guilty for not following the advice to use tough love. I feel guilty for not keeping Bob home and with us. We both took different approaches and both of our beautiful boys are dead. So how did we get through this? We aren’t “through” this and never will be. While Bob’s pain is over, our pain continues. Our guilt continues. How is it possible that with all of Bob’s support – the people who loved him so much – we couldn’t help him? Mother’s are supposed to take care of their children. I failed. A few days after Bob died, I sat at my computer and wrote a long letter about Bob and his story. So many people knew Bob and I knew it would be like death by razor blades to have to talk about Bob. I figured if I gave them a copy of the letter and sent it out to my friends and co-workers, I wouldn’t need to explain in person what happened. I didn’t realize the effect this letter would have on people. I heard back from so many people who had been through or were going through a similar situation. It was an eye opener for many people. I was contacted by rehab programs asking permission to use the letter. I hope it helps someone. I think Bob’s experience taught us that addiction can happen to anyone. Addicts are from all walks of life and all socioeconomic levels. Yes, they make their own choices. We all make mistakes. I have the greatest respect for people who have overcome addiction or are in the process. They are super heroes because the pull of drugs is so very strong. The effect it has on the brain is so difficult, almost impossible, to overcome. I am angry at the creators of Oxycontin. They have destroyed so many lives. They knew what they were doing and they knew what was happening with their drugs. If I could talk to Bob, I would tell him how sorry we are that we could not help him. I would tell him how much he is loved and missed by his family. And I would tell him about his candy tree. Bob loved candy. Everyone always told him he would regret it when he was older if he kept eating so much candy. He had the last laugh. He never had to regret eating candy. Bob’s Grandpa made a candy tree in honor of Bob. It has baskets of all Bob’s favorite candy hanging on it and a picture of Bob on top. When Bob’s nieces, nephews, friends, and relatives come to visit, they all eat candy from Bob’s candy tree. This would make Bob happy. 6495

NASHVILLE, Tenn. - Every week, hundreds of people from around the world visit The Free Pizza Dude account on Imgur, created by a Nashville man, to either ask for food assistance or help out."I've been able to carve out this kind of wholesome side of Imgur where people come to my post to help other people," said Mr. Puckett, the virtual Imgur user with more than 7 million up-votes. "We had all of these people kind of wanting to help, but had no idea how to."In August 2019, Mr. Puckett created The Free Pizza Dude page to help connect the people in need of a meal to willing donors."We're not trying to end world hunger we're trying to make people happy. [Those] who would not otherwise be able to afford this kind of food," said Mr. Puckett.So far, the page has allowed people to send nearly 4,000 pizzas to strangers in need.Mr. Puckett knows what it is like to be hungry."I had problems with alcohol and was homeless for four years before I got on Imgur. I knew if I ever got on my feet again, I wanted to do something where we could send food to people that wasn't rice and beans - that wasn't food shelf kind of food - something they could really enjoy and remember for some time because I always did and I always remembered the food people sent me," he said.Through his website, pizza angels from all over the world have sent paid-for pizzas to strangers and fulfilled more than 100 detailed grocery requests too."Everybody wants to help, but they want to have fun doing it, and they want to have security that they're helping the right person, and I think we've done all three of those things," he said.Mr. Puckett puts out a new call for pizza donations every Friday.He said the reason he does this is simple."I was homeless for so long and so many people from my childhood days helped me. I needed help from every person in my life for so many years so once I finally got stable, and got an apartment and home I knew I had to be that person," he said.Nashville Mayor John Cooper recently named Mr. Puckett a Community Hero of the Week.This story was first reported by Hannah McDonald at WTVF in Nashville, Tennessee. 2136