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BEIJING, Aug. 12 (Xinhuanet) -- The risk of developing coronary heart disease is 25 percent higher for women smokers compared with men, according to a study published in the British medical journal "The Lancet".The authors say this could be due to the physiological differences between the sexes with cigarette smoke toxins having a more potent effect on women.The study by Dr Rachel R Huxley from the University of Minnesota and Dr Mark Woodward from Johns Hopkins University involved a meta-analysis of around four million individuals and 67,000 coronary heart disease events from 86 studies.The researchers found that the pooled adjusted female-to-male relative risk ratio (RRR) of smoking compared with not smoking for coronary heart disease (CHD) was 1.25 (25 percent) higher for women.This RRR increased by 2 percent for every additional year of follow-up, meaning that the longer a woman smokes, the higher her risk of developing CHD becomes compared with a man who has smoked the same length of time.The authors say, "The finding lends support to the idea of a pathophysiological basis for the sex difference. For example, women might extract a greater quantity of carcinogens and other toxic agents from the same number of cigarettes than men. This occurrence could explain why women who smoke have double the risk of lung cancer compared with their male counterparts."Worldwide, there are 1.1 billion smokers, of whom a fifth are women.According to the Tobacco Atlas, India, with around a crore female smokers, ranks third in the top 20 female smoking populations across the globe, only the U.S. with 2.3 crore female smokers and China with 1.3 crore female smokers, are worse off.

JOHANNESBURG, June 1 (Xinhua) -- An estimated 2 million adolescents ages 10 to 19 are living with HIV, with 86 percent of them from sub-Saharan Africa, according to a global report on HIV prevention launched in Johannesburg on Wednesday.For the first time, the world gets to see the number of adolescents between the ages of 10 to 19 living with HIV in the report named Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood.The report is a jointly publication by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), UNAIDS, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the International Labor Organization (ILO) , the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank.According to the report, people aged 15-24 accounted for 41 percent of new infections over the age of 15 in 2009. Worldwide, an estimated 5 million young people in that age group were living with HIV in 2009. Most of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, young women make up more than 60 percent of all young people living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa that rate jumped to 72 percent.Despite these challenges, the report acknowledges that some progress has been made in preventing new infections among young people."In many high-burden countries, HIV prevalence and incidence have declined among young people. While in 2001 there were 5.7 million young people living with HIV, the figure stands at 5 million (in 2009)," said the UNICEF eastern and southern Africa regional director, Elhadj As Sy, at the media briefing.He pointed that sexual transmission and injection drug use remain the major modes of transmission of HIV among young people. Early sexual debut, early pregnancy and early experiences with drug use all raise risks for HIV infection.The report reveals that unemployment and poverty are reported as the main reasons young people enter the sex trade. Worldwide, many young people driven by economic pressure, exploitation, social exclusion and lack of family support turn to commercial sex and injecting drug use.In 2001, the world made a commitment to reduce the prevalence of HIV among young people by 25 percent by 2010. The actual reduction achieved (from 5.7 million to 5 million) is 12 percent, and it represents less than half the target percentage."To avoid the current programming failures, we have to adopt a ' Continuum of Prevention Approach'." said Lina Mousa, deputy director of UNFPA Africa Regional Office."This continuum of prevention must be reflected in national HIV strategic plans, poverty reduction strategies and global fund proposals. This response must be developed with and for young people so that they own the response together with their communities," she added.To build this continuum of prevention for adolescents and young people, the reports outlined nine specific recommendations including providing young people with information and comprehensive sexuality education, strengthening child protection and social protection measures, engaging communities in shaping a positive social environment that promotes healthy behavior, establishing laws and policies that respect young people's rights.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 28 (Xinhua) -- Google on Tuesday rolled out a new social networking service named "Google+", a long awaited move of the Internet search giant to crack the industry's social trend dominated by Facebook.Unlike Facebook, Google said that the project is designed for sharing with small groups like college roommates and parents. " Today's online services turn friendship into fast food, wrapping everyone in 'friend' paper," Google said in a blog post announcing the new service.Other Google+ features include Sparks, which gathers articles and videos on topics of interests or hobbies; and Hangouts, which allows users join live multi-person video chat.There is also a mobile version of Google+ for smartphones running Google's Android operating system, which enables multi- person text message chats and instant upload of photos from the phone.The Google+ project is currently in field trial and by invitation only. Users can select people from their Gmail contacts and organize them into different groups.Google+ is expected to test whether Google could come back from its past frustration in social networking, such as Buzz, a social networking and messaging too integrated into its Gmail service. Some of Google Buzz's features have been widely criticized for privacy concerns.Market research data show that Facebook has surpassed Google in terms of time spent on each site, a fact that advertisers attach importance to.According to Internet market research company comScore, including YouTube, 180 million people visited Google sites in May, compare to 157.2 million on Facebook. However, Facebook users looked at 103 billion pages and spent an average of 375 minutes on the site, while Google users viewed 46.3 billion pages and spent 231 minutes.In April, Google CEO and co-founder Larry Page reportedly sent out a company-wide memo alerting employees that 25 percent of their annual bonus will be tied to the success or failure of Google's social strategy in 2011.

BEIJING, Sept. 18 (Xinhua) -- No newly-formed oil belt was detected in the past two days in north China's Bohai Bay from ConocoPhillips' platforms in the Penglai 19-3 oilfield, the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) said.However, new spots of visible oil spills could still be found around platform C, the SOA said in a statement on Sunday.It is estimated that about 4.51 liters of oil leaked into the sea on Saturday, a slight drop from 6.56 liters from Thursday.No oil clean-up work was done on Friday and Saturday due to the strong winds and rough conditions at sea, the statement said.ConocoPhillips China, a subsidiary of U.S. energy giant ConocoPhillips, first reported spills to authorities in June. The oil spills have polluted more than 5,500 square km of sea water in the Bohai Bay since June.The oil spills have spread to beaches in Hebei and Liaoning provinces. The spills have been blamed for losses in the provinces' tourism and aquatic farming industries.The company on Aug. 31 submitted a report to the SOA claiming that it had screened out all potential sources for oil spills and blocked all oil leaks.After days of evaluation, however, the SOA said on Sept. 2 that ConocoPhillips had failed to complete the clean-up.

UNITED NATIONS, Sept. 19 (Xinhua) -- As the UN on Monday pursued the world's top killer -- non-communicable diseases (NCDs) -- a leading doctor from the World Health Organization (WHO) called for preventative measures on such chronic diseases to be placed higher on the international agenda."It's not a choice of dealing with it or not, it's an absolute fundamental imperative for development," said Dr. Douglas Bettcher, WHO's director for the Tobacco Free Initiative, told Xinhua in a recent telephone interview.With NCDs already claiming 36 million lives a year -- nearly 100,000 people a day -- the UN Geneva-based health agency, WHO warns that deaths from chronic diseases will continue to climb even faster, amounting to 52 million deaths by 2030.As world leaders on Monday kicked off a two-day high-level meeting to enact a roadmap to attack diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart and lung diseases, it is hoped that the summit on NCDs, which is being called a "once in a generation opportunity," moves to become a "worldwide priority," Bettcher said.Marking the second time in its history that the United Nations General Assembly has ever put a global disease on the table, health experts and world leaders from 193 nations met to avert what the UN has declared a "public health emergency in slow motion. ""It's a make it or break it time for moving forward this very important agenda at this time of global financial crisis," said Bettcher.Calling NCDs the top global killer "by a long shot," Bettcher attributed such rises in deaths partly to the aging of the world's population, rapid urbanization and increased exposure to risk factors, particularly in low-and middle-income countries."This is a landmark meeting," said UN Secretary-General Ban Ki- moon at the opening of the unprecedented meeting. "Three out of every five people on earth die from the diseases that we gather here to address."The last time the UN looked at a health issue under the global microscope on such a high-level was almost a decade ago.