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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- China plans to sell 600 billion yuan (91 billion U.S. dollars) worth of welfare lotteries from 2011 to 2015, up 73.6 percent from the past five years, an official from the Welfare Lottery Distribution and Management Center (WLDMC) has said.The sales of welfare lotteries posted an annual increase of 18.7 percent over the past five years, from 41.2 billion yuan in 2006 to 96.8 billion in 2010, the official said.The sales totalled 345.53 billion yuan from 2006 to 2010.The center believed that there would be broad prospect for welfare lottery sales with the increase of people's income and the development of philanthropy.According to China's Regulations on Lottery Management, money raised through lotteries is divided into three parts: the jackpot, lottery management fees, and lottery public funds.The government-run lottery raised a total of 30 billion yuan for public welfare funds in 2010, according to the WLDMC statistics.The WLDMC is administered by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, which was authorized by the State Council, or China's Cabinet, to raise welfare funds through lottery sales in 1987.

BOSTON, the United States, April 9 (Xinhua) -- China's clean energy market offers huge business opportunities, experts said at the Harvard China Forum here Saturday.In a panel discussion on clean energy, experts who have been keeping a close eye on China's renewable sectors evaluated its market size, development level and current challenges."No matter it comes to wind, solar or any other type of clean energy, the market capability in China is enormous," Peter Evans, GE Energy's global strategy and planning director said.Evans said he believed China has the need to develop all kinds of energy in order to meet its ever-growing appetite for energy, especially against the background of high oil price, which just surged to nearly 113 U.S. dollars a barrel.He also said China now has the capital needed to develop clean energy but lacked the technology, although that would not be a problem since "every abroad company related to clean energy wants to go to China and to grab something."Gong Li, chairman of Accenture Greater China, said that for a better development of China's renewable sectors, sustainable policy support is needed.On current challenges, Li said one big problem is the lack of network to turn clean energy into electricity. "Renewable energy such as solar and wind is intermediate energy that needs to be transmitted to the power grid, or else it will be garbage energy," Li said.

ADDIS ABABA, Jan. 28 (Xinhua) -- Fruitful results have been achieved some one year after the fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), Chinese envoy and Assistant Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin told Xinhua here on Friday.Liu was in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa to attend the 16th African Union (AU) summit as special envoy of the Chinese government.During the FOCAC ministerial meeting held in November 2009 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, the Chinese government announced eight new measures of promoting Sino-African cooperation.Since then, China has been actively implementing various programs and projects according to the eight new measures, Liu said.The “China-Africa Science and Technology Partnership Program” and the “China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Program” have been launched, Liu said, adding that the aid program of agricultural demonstration center is in smooth implementation process.Meanwhile, China is actively working on establishing the China-Africa partnership in addressing climate change, and is strengthening communication and coordination with Africa on the issue of climate change, Liu said.The Chinese envoy added that various programs and events such as the China-Africa Agricultural Cooperation Forum, the “African Culture in Focus 2010” activities, and the “20+20 Cooperation Plan of Chinese and African Institutions of Higher Learning” have been launched or successfully held. He said these events have promoted the comprehensive development of China-Africa relations.A wide range of other measures are also being carried out in an active manner, according to Liu.The year 2011 is key to the implementation of the measures announced on the fourth ministerial meeting of FOCAC, Liu stressed.To this end, China will continue strengthening communication and coordination with African countries, carrying out close cooperation and pushing forward the development of the China-Africa new strategic partnership, he pledged.

BEIJING, Feb. 14 (Xinhua) -- "Dear Premier Wen, I'd like to tell you the good news first. The problem I brought up at the seminar last year has been solved in Beijing," wrote 34-year-old, wheelchair-bound Li Nan to Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Jan. 20 this year.The problem Li referred to was the high prices of one-off hygiene products that had plagued people with work-related spinal cord injuries for a long time.On Jan. 31, 2010, Wen talked with a group of ordinary people in Chaoyang District in Beijing to get their opinions on the draft of a government work report that will be submitted to the national legislature in March.Wen asked Li to be the first to voice her views at the seminar. Li said that patients with spinal cord injuries had to spend about 2,000 yuan (303 U.S. dollars) a month on one-off hygiene products because of their incontinence."My injury allowance is roughly 2,000 yuan a month. I have to live on my parents' pension," she said.She suggested giving more attention to the employment and mental health of the disabled, and also for some revisions on the catalogue of drug and auxiliary devices for those disabled by work-related injuries. She also proposed more subsidies for these people.Responding to the suggestions, Wen said, "Li Nan's case is far from an individual one. The disabled are a very large group of people in China who need more attention... We need to study, revise and renew the government regulations on work-related injury insurance."Wen also encouraged Li to be optimistic in face of ordeals.Li, who graduated from Beijing Youth Politics College in 1997, was once a prize-winning amateur dancer. However, she became confined to a wheelchair after a traffic accident in 2003.On March 5 last year, Li beamed with pride as she watched TV. Premier Wen was delivering the government work report at the annual session of the national legislature.Wen pledged to "work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with disabilities." The premier also promised that "Workers' compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured in previous jobs who are not receiving benefits.""I am thrilled to see that my advice on improving social security for the disabled was included in the government work report," Li said in her letter, which summarized the changes she experienced in the past year because of the improved social security system.The Beijing Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau announced last year that people would be reimbursed for one-off diapers and urine bags under the municipal work-related injury insurance program beginning June 2010."The Beijing policy has relieved our heavy economic burdens and ensured the quality of our life," Li wrote.Li, however, said that though some places has begun to give living and nursing subsidies for the disabled, the policy needs to be extended to other parts of the country.After reading the letter on Jan. 31, Wen Jiabao instructed relevant organs in the State Council, or Cabinet, and the Beijing municipal government "to conduct research and set down policies to better protect and aid people with serious disabilities, and to help them solve their difficulties and improve their quality of life."