中山的医院哪里治痔疮好(中山得了痔疮) (今日更新中)

Too few new antibiotics are under development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, according to a new World Health Organization report published Tuesday. Adding to the concern: It is likely that the speed of increasing resistance will outpace the slow drug development process.As of May, a total of 51 antibiotics and 11 biologicals -- medical products often made from natural sources -- are being developed, the new report said."The idea is that biologicals could replace use of antibiotics, which could help in overcoming the resistance problem," Peter Beyer, an author of the report and senior adviser to the WHO's Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, wrote in an email.Seemingly, this large number of potential new drugs should suffice, yet it is not nearly enough.First, just 33 of the antibiotics in the pipeline target priority pathogens. This year, the WHO published a list of a dozen "priority pathogens": 12 separate families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.Among the priority pathogens is a drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills about 250,000 people around the world each year, and a variety of multidrug resistant strains -- Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae -- which are responsible for infections in hospitals and nursing homes and among patients whose care requires ventilators and catheters.Of the 33 potential medicines for treating priority bug infections, only eight are innovative treatments. The other 25 are simple modifications of existing families of antibiotics. At best, then, the 25 will serve as short-term solutions since it is expected bacteria will quickly adapt to and resist these new (though somewhat familiar) drugs, according to the WHO."It is difficult to speculate why companies develop specific new medicines," Beyer noted. "But in general many new treatments do not necessarily constitute advances over existing treatments."TB infections require a combination of at least three antibiotics, according to the new report, yet only seven of the new TB medicines are even in clinical trials. Soon, there will be a serious lack of treatment options for this infection, the report warns.The same is true for gram-negative pathogens, which can cause severe, often deadly infections typically in hospitals and nursing homes.Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls than gram-positive, explained Beyer. "In a nutshell, it is more complex to develop a novel antibiotic that can penetrate the complex gram-negative cell wall and stay inside the bacterium," he wrote.Finally, the WHO sees too few oral antibiotics being developed. These are necessary "to target the critical priority pathogens (and) be accessible in low- and middle-income countries," Beyer noted.To address the problem of developing new antibiotics, the WHO and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative set up the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership. However, new drugs alone cannot combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The WHO is also working to improve infection prevention and control while developing guidance for the responsible use of antibiotics."Always seek medical advice before taking antibiotics and then always follow the advice of the health-care professional," Beyer noted.The new report is a "fantastic (and very useful!) summary" of the antibiotic situation, wrote Bill Hanage, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in an email. Hanage, who has also published studies of antibiotic resistance, was not involved in the new report.Although the risk of getting a completely resistant infection is low in the United States, about 2 million people each year become infected with "resistant enough" bacteria that are harder to treat, Hanage said. And every year, more than 20,000 people die of these infections."More resistant infections don't just mean you or someone you care about is more likely to die from one, they also mean healthcare will get even more expensive," Hanage said. "Many of the procedures we take for granted in medicine, from cancer treatments to surgeries, depend on our ability to handle infections that happen in the course of treatment."The number of new drugs in development is simply not enough, he said."The great majority will not make it into the hands of doctors or your treatment," Hanage wrote. "As the report states, for drugs to be used in humans they have to pass 3 hurdles, the phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. Drugs entering that pipeline have just a 14% chance of getting all the way through to be used in humans." 4676

This holiday season, a word of caution from charity experts. If you're able to donate, make sure you do your homework, and make a plan for your money so that it supports a worthy cause.Court documents from September detail a four-state investigation that shut down a sham charity, which, according to investigators, bilked consumers out of millions. They claimed to use donations to help homeless veterans, breast cancer survivors, and disabled law enforcement. But the real people in need got next to nothing."The fraudsters out there are relying on your generosity your good wishes, the fact that you can’t say no when somebody says something like veterans or children or breast cancer- they want to tug on those heartstrings," said Yael Fuchs, President of the National Association of State Charity Officials (NASCO). "NASCO was formed so that state charity regulators can talk to each other, so that we can learn from each other, so that we can share tips and make sure that we are coordinating our enforcement efforts.”They often work together to take down the bad guys. And when they're not doing that, they're proactively following fundraising drives. “Do we see exorbitant amounts of money going to professional fundraisers- do we see big upticks in the salaries that the leaders of the charity are making,” Fuchs said.They look for ways in which people are being taken advantage of. So, how do you know who's good and who's not? Enter organizations like Charity Navigator. “We’re a database with all of the registered nonprofits in the United States,” said Michael Thatcher, President, and CEO of Charity Navigator. Thatcher says the company has grown to be the largest independent evaluator of nonprofits in the country. Basically, they give you all the tools you need to make the right decisions when it comes to donations.“Never charge the donor for access to the information and never charge the charities to be evaluated so you eliminate any potential conflict of interest,” Thatcher said If you're looking to give this year, he recommends focusing on how the organization is run, how they're making a difference in the world. Review their financial data, and ask questions - lots of questions. "How have they pivoted around COVID and how have they stayed true to their mission and also stayed in business?" Thatcher added.NASCO recommends you do extensive research. And be specific about the "cause" you want to support. “Where is my money going- how will it be used? What we always want people to remember is you don’t want to give to a buzzword you’re not just giving to a cause you’re giving to a particular charity so you want to be able to trust that charity to understand what their programs are.” The need will be big this year. And donations will be unpredictable. So, experts also say, make a plan, talk to your family, and give with intent so that your donation goes where it's supposed to. 2923

Transcripts from a 2016 deposition in which Ghislaine Maxwell answered questions about the sex-trafficking operation she allegedly ran with the late Jeffrey Epstein were released Thursday by court order.The more than 400 pages of documents were ordered unsealed earlier this week after a legal battle between Maxwell and Virginia Giuffre, who accuses Maxwell, Epstein and others of sexually abusing her when she was a minor.CLICK HERE TO READ THE FULL TRANSCRIPTMaxwell is accused of recruiting young girls for Epstein to have sex with, and of allegedly ordering young girls and women to have sex with rich and powerful men.The depositions were taken as part of a lawsuit brought against Maxwell by Giuffre. The lawsuit was eventually settled.There are redactions in the transcript to remove private information of some of the people it mentions.Lawyers for Maxwell, 58, had argued the transcript, which reflects seven hours of interviews over two days, should remain sealed, in part to protect her right to a fair trial in July on charges that she helped Epstein traffic and sexually abuse teenage girls in the 1990s.They noted that portions of the transcripts relate to perjury charges in the indictment she currently faces. She has pleaded not guilty.Maxwell has been incarcerated since her arrest in early July. If convicted, she could face up to 35 years in prison.Maxwell’s arrest came a year after Epstein, 66, was arrested and charged with sex trafficking. He killed himself in August 2019 at a federal jail in Manhattan where he was awaiting trial without bail.In 2008 in Florida, Epstein pleaded guilty to state charges of soliciting and procuring a person under age 18 for prostitution. He spent 13 months in jail, paid settlements to victims and remained a registered sex offender. 1801

Their youthful brains were developing normally, with no signs of developmental, psychological or neurological problems. None had ever had a concussion. But by the end of a single football season, 24 children between the ages of 9 and 18 who had more frequent impacts to the head showed signs of damage to brain development, new research says."Repetitive head impact exposure may have a cumulative effect in the rapidly developing brains of youth and high school football players," said study co-author Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan, a radiology research assistant at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, adding that the results mirror other recent findings.The study outfitted 60 youth and high school football players who had no history of head trauma or developmental issues with a head impact telemetry system that measures the magnitude, location and direction of impacts to the head. The researchers were not looking at whether the impact resulted in a concussion, only that impact occurred.The children were sorted into two categories: high cumulative head impact players (24) and low cumulative head impact players (36).Before beginning to play, each child had a resting state functional scan, known as an fMRI; the scans were repeated at the end of football season. The researchers were trying to see how exposure to repetitive hits affects the normal "pruning" process in the brain that occurs during adolescence."Pruning is an essential part of brain development," Murugesan said, comparing the process to how a tree needs to have dead or unneeded branches cut to keep it healthy and allow it to grow."Disruption in normal pruning has been shown to be related to weaker connections between different parts of the brain," he said.After comparing the functional MRI results to the player's level of impact, the researchers found that youth in the high-impact group had damage to their brains' pruning process after one season."Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.Although the "teenage years are a critical time for brain development, brain remodeling or synaptic pruning, this was a short-term study and did not follow the players longitudinally over several years. We don't really know the full application," said Dr. Julian Bailes, director of neurosurgery and co-director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem Neurological Institute, who was not involved in the research.Weill Cornell neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, who was also not involved in the study, called the research "early" and said the results don't necessarily "translate to a clinical or cognitive outcome." More research is needed to see whether the decline in brain pruning permanently affected the child's cognitive function or whether the brain's natural plasticity allowed it to repair itself."I would call this a pilot study," Isaacson said. "The call to action would be that we need more robust longitudinal studies with a pre- and a post-assessment of more than brain imaging. The study should also measure cognitive and neurological function and look for changes."As we learn more about the issue, Isaacson said, parents should do everything they can to limit contact in sports, "especially in practice before games, where studies show the majority of contact occurs." 3464

TRABUCO CANYON, Calif. (KGTV) -- People throughout Orange County and in North San Diego County are taking to social media to share photos of the Holy Fire burning in Cleveland National Forest. The fire started as a seven to 10 acre fire in a canyon and, within three hours, grew to more than 1,000 acres.The brush in the area hasn't burned in more than 40 years, leaving excess fuel for the blaze to burn through. RELATED: Blaze dubbed Holy Fire spreading quickly in Orange CountyAlmost immediately after a large plume of smoke shot into the air, people throughout Southern California began posting images on social media.  661

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