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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

LOS ANGELES, May 9 (Xinhua) -- Drinking alcohol may raise the likelihood among teenagers to spend more time on computers, a new study suggests.The study, conducted by researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College, was based on a survey of 264 teenagers, aged 13 to 17.Results showed that compared with teens who did not report drinking, those who drank alcohol in the last month used a computer more hours per week for non-school-related activities, including the use of social networking sites.Drinking was also linked to more frequent social networking and listening to and downloading music, according to the study published Monday in the on-line edition of the journal Addictive Behaviors.However, there was no demonstrated link between alcohol use and computer use for school work, neither there was strong link between video games and drinking or on-line shopping and drinking."While the specific factors linking teenage drinking and computer use are not yet established, it seems likely that adolescents are experimenting with drinking and activities on the Internet," said Dr. Epstein, assistant professor of public health at the college."In turn, exposure to on-line material such as alcohol advertising or alcohol-using peers on social networking sites could reinforce teens' drinking."Children are being exposed to computers and the Internet at younger ages. For this reason it's important that parents are actively involved in monitoring their children's computer usage, as well as alcohol use."Teenagers typically first experiment with alcohol at age 12 or 13, according to the study.Family risk factors include lax parental supervision and poor communication, family conflicts, inconsistent or harsh discipline and a family history of alcohol or drug abuse."According to a national study conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, more than half of parents of teenagers had filters installed on the computers their child uses to block content parents find objectionable, yet many parents do not use any form of parental monitoring, particularly for older teens," Epstein said.

BEIJING, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- There is some part of China that could use additional water -- the drought-hit north, even while the central government is grappling to soak up excess liquidity to contain price hikes.The dry spell has continued for months in the grain production regions in northern China, setting off concerns that it might threaten China's grain output and thus cause food price hikes, a major contributor of the country's inflation in recent months.The bad weather came and may aggravate China's battle on price hikes, including higher interest rates and reserve ratios. The government also introduced price caps and promised increases in supplies to stabilize prices.Meteorological and agricultural experts said it is still too soon to predict a decline in grain output. However, they worried that if the drought continues into the spring, grain output will fall and push up food prices.DRY SPELLWater shortages have been gripping nine provinces since October last year, including the six major wheat producing regions in China -- Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu -- which contribute more than 80 percent of the country's total wheat output.Further, rainfall in the six provinces averaged only 40.2 millimeters since October last year, down 53 percent compared with previous years, according to the National Climate Center.As of Monday, 60.39 million mu (4.02 million hectares) of crops throughout the nation were plagued by drought, according to the latest statistics from the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters."There have been no rains for four months. It has been too long," said Song Qingguo, a farmer at the Xitiegang village of Qixian County in Henan, where winter wheat output accounts for almost one-fourth of the country's total."Wheat output will probably drop if such a situation continues," he worried.At present, some 15.86 million mu of wheat is exposed to drought, according to Yang Biantong, an official with Henan's water authorities.Another key wheat growing province of Shandong is facing its worst drought in 60 years, local authorities said. About 2 million hectares of land used for growing wheat, or 56 percent of the wheat-planting areas in the province, have been hit by drought, and the area is expanding, the Shandong provincial flood control and drought relief headquarters said.H Scientists say it is a result of the La Nina effect that is also responsible for the harsh winter gripping large parts of China's south, which also affected production and transportation of vegetables and other food.The Ministry of Commerce said Tuesday that Chinese farm produce prices rose for a fourth consecutive week, through Jan. 23, with the wholesale prices of 18 staple vegetables growing 12.6 percent week on week. One reason for the price hike was the freezing weather in the south, it said."The current drought in China is the second worst during the same period of time since 1961 because of the adverse weather", said Zhang Peiqun, director with the weather forecast department of the National Climate Center.The bad weather will persist in the following period of time, which means the drought in the north and the cold snap in the south will continue, Zhang said.The China Meteorological Administration forecast on Wednesday that parts of Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces will have heavy snow or snowstorms in the coming three days. Also, icy rain will slash parts of Guizhou and Yunnan provinces.

BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's top leading body Monday pledged to prevent wild swings in the economy, while warning that the economic situation in 2011 would be complicated.The country should maintain stable and consistent macro-economic policies while improving accuracy, flexibility and efficiency of the policies, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided at a meeting presided over by President Hu Jintao, who is also General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.Officials at the meeting were urged to "remain sober, be aware of difficulties, and work hard to fulfill the tasks this year so as to create a good beginning for the 12th Five-Year Program (2011-2015)."The top echelon of leadership reassured that China would continue an active fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, while trying to balance steady economic growth with economic restructuring and control of inflationary expectations."It is necessary to maintain stable commodity prices, expand domestic consumption, increase investment in agriculture, speed up industrial restructuring, promote education and development of science and technology, and improve people's livelihoods and cultural services," the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee urged at the meeting.It also reiterated the importance of making great efforts to expand reforms in key sectors, advance the cause of opening-up, while intensifying endeavor to build a clean government and fight corruption.Members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee also discussed the drafts of the government work report and the 12th Five-year Program, or the national development plan for 2011 to 2015.The two documents will be submitted to the top legislature for discussion and approval at its forthcoming annual session in March.The period from 2011 to 2015 will be critical for China which wants to build a well-off society, said a statement from the meeting.In the next five years, in a bid to meet Chinese people's expectations for a better life, China will stick to scientific development by focusing on accelerated transformation of its way of economic growth while deepening the reform and opening-up, guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods, according to the statement."It is necessary to solidify and boost China's success in outperforming other countries in dealing with the international financial turmoil, and advance the economy to grow at a faster and steady pace for a long time while guaranteeing social harmony and stability," the statement said.Great efforts should also be made to develop social services, advance the cause of conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment in a down-to-earth manner, as well as keep intensifying the drive to enhance reform of the government, the statement said.

ABU DHABI, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- China is willing to deepen friendship, broaden cooperation, and enhance coordination with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in international and regional affairs, visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said Thursday.During a meeting with Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Yang said China and the UAE have witnessed in recent years rapid development in their bilateral ties, with closer high-level contacts, increasingly strengthened mutual political trust, fruitful cooperation in such areas as trade and economy, and broadened cultural exchanges.China has praised the UAE's support in Xinjiang-related and human rights issues, he added.For his part, Sheikh Mohammed said the UAE-China relations are currently at an important period of in-depth development and faced with good opportunities.The UAE attaches great importance to its relations with China and hopes to cement the traditional friendship between the two countries and develop pragmatic cooperation in various fields, he added.Sheikh Mohammed said the UAE expects that China will continue to play a positive role in international and regional affairs.Earlier in the day, Yang also met with his UAE counterpart Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Both sides reached broad consensus after exchanging views on bilateral ties and regional issues of common concern.The Chinese foreign minister arrived in the UAE capital of Abu Dhabi late Wednesday for an official visit to the Gulf nation.

来源：资阳报