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Who gets to be first in line for a COVID-19 vaccine? U.S. health authorities hope by late next month to have some draft guidance on how to ration initial doses, but it’s a vexing decision.“Not everybody’s going to like the answer,” Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, recently told one of the advisory groups the government asked to help decide. “There will be many people who feel that they should have been at the top of the list.”Traditionally, first in line for a scarce vaccine are health workers and the people most vulnerable to the targeted infection.But Collins tossed new ideas into the mix: Consider geography and give priority to people where an outbreak is hitting hardest.And don’t forget volunteers in the final stage of vaccine testing who get dummy shots, the comparison group needed to tell if the real shots truly work.“We owe them ... some special priority,” Collins said.Huge studies this summer aim to prove which of several experimental COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. Moderna Inc. and Pfizer Inc. began tests last week that eventually will include 30,000 volunteers each; in the next few months, equally large calls for volunteers will go out to test shots made by AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Novavax. And some vaccines made in China are in smaller late-stage studies in other countries.For all the promises of the U.S. stockpiling millions of doses, the hard truth: Even if a vaccine is declared safe and effective by year’s end, there won’t be enough for everyone who wants it right away -- especially as most potential vaccines require two doses.It’s a global dilemma. The World Health Organization is grappling with the same who-goes-first question as it tries to ensure vaccines are fairly distributed to poor countries -- decisions made even harder as wealthy nations corner the market for the first doses.In the U.S., the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a group established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is supposed to recommend who to vaccinate and when -- advice that the government almost always follows.But a COVID-19 vaccine decision is so tricky that this time around, ethicists and vaccine experts from the National Academy of Medicine, chartered by Congress to advise the government, are being asked to weigh in, too.Setting priorities will require “creative, moral common sense,” said Bill Foege, who devised the vaccination strategy that led to global eradication of smallpox. Foege is co-leading the academy’s deliberations, calling it “both this opportunity and this burden.”With vaccine misinformation abounding and fears that politics might intrude, CDC Director Robert Redfield said the public must see vaccine allocation as “equitable, fair and transparent.”How to decide? The CDC’s opening suggestion: First vaccinate 12 million of the most critical health, national security and other essential workers. Next would be 110 million people at high risk from the coronavirus -- those over 65 who live in long-term care facilities, or those of any age who are in poor health -- or who also are deemed essential workers. The general population would come later.CDC’s vaccine advisers wanted to know who’s really essential. “I wouldn’t consider myself a critical health care worker,” admitted Dr. Peter Szilagyi, a pediatrician at the University of California, Los Angeles.Indeed, the risks for health workers today are far different than in the pandemic’s early days. Now, health workers in COVID-19 treatment units often are the best protected; others may be more at risk, committee members noted.Beyond the health and security fields, does “essential” mean poultry plant workers or schoolteachers? And what if the vaccine doesn’t work as well among vulnerable populations as among younger, healthier people? It’s a real worry, given that older people’s immune systems don’t rev up as well to flu vaccine.With Black, Latino and Native American populations disproportionately hit by the coronavirus, failing to address that diversity means “whatever comes out of our group will be looked at very suspiciously,” said ACIP chairman Dr. Jose Romero, Arkansas’ interim health secretary.Consider the urban poor who live in crowded conditions, have less access to health care and can’t work from home like more privileged Americans, added Dr. Sharon Frey of St. Louis University.And it may be worth vaccinating entire families rather than trying to single out just one high-risk person in a household, said Dr. Henry Bernstein of Northwell Health.Whoever gets to go first, a mass vaccination campaign while people are supposed to be keeping their distance is a tall order. During the 2009 swine flu pandemic, families waited in long lines in parking lots and at health departments when their turn came up, crowding that authorities know they must avoid this time around.Operation Warp Speed, the Trump administration’s effort to speed vaccine manufacturing and distribution, is working out how to rapidly transport the right number of doses to wherever vaccinations are set to occur.Drive-through vaccinations, pop-up clinics and other innovative ideas are all on the table, said CDC’s Dr. Nancy Messonnier.As soon as a vaccine is declared effective, “we want to be able the next day, frankly, to start these programs,” Messonnier said. “It’s a long road.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5581

When it comes to scaring us, Hollywood sure likes to have fun with spiders. But it's no fun when you have a real fear of them. So it's no surprise when it came time to see one in person, Cassandra Kidd was a bit nervous.  "Oh God I'm scared!" Kidd exclaimed.   She mustered up her strength to hold Rosie the tarantula. And after just a few seconds the fear was gone.  "It felt kind of like a ladybug but more gentle," Kidd says.    Kathleen Lewis peered over the wall as her grandson held Rosie.  "No I'm not as brave as my four-year-old grandson," Lewis says.  Fear kept her from holding the spider herself.  "Too many legs moving," Lewis says.When it comes to overcoming fears like Arachnophobia experts say educating yourself in an environment where you feel safe can make all the difference. The Spider Pavilion at Butterfly Pavilion is an example. Arachnids of all sizes hang out above.  A belief that spiders want to jump down on you is one of many misconceptions Mary Ann Colley, Vice President of Science and Conservation at Butterfly Pavilion, has heard about spiders.  "People are always saying, 'Oh, I am going to eat spiders in my sleep,'" Colley says. "That's not true."Another? The idea they want to bite you."Spiders really don't want to have anything to do with us," Colley says. "They want to do their own thing, they want to hunt for their food, create their webs."  Colley says only a small amount of spiders have a level of toxicity to actually hurt us. Butterfly Pavilion hopes sharing facts can help overcome fear."We want to be respectful of nature around us," Colley says. "So we always suggest to observe so just to take a look you can get close but you don't have to touch."  Seeing spiders in a new light. And facing your fear head on. 1850

With more than 5 million COVID-19 cases in the United States, the one group that has seen a noticeable rise in infections is children.Over the past four weeks, there has been a 90% spike in known COVID-19 cases among children in the U.S., according to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association."While children represented only 9.1% of all cases in states reporting cases by age, over 380,000 children have tested positive for COVID-19 since the onset of the pandemic," the association wrote in a report. Although, we're seeing more American kids being diagnosed with COVID-19, the mortality rate remains relatively low compared to adults. The association says children represented 0% to 0.4% of all COVID-19 deaths, and 19 states reported zero child deaths. In states reporting, 0% to 0.5% of all child COVID-19 cases resulted in death.Public health officials have warned about opening schools in states with COVID-19 hot-spots. Medical experts say having youth in crowded hallways and classrooms poses a significant threat.There are currently 800 students in Georgia's Cherokee County that are in quarantine due to possible coronavirus exposure. This is just one week after in-person learning began.Some health experts like Michael Osterholm, a director at the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, are concerned another big spike in cases is on the way."We think we're going to see an explosion of cases in September that will far surpass what we saw after Memorial Day and this is just going to continue increasing, getting higher and higher in terms of numbers," said Osterholm.Researchers say an effective testing strategy would help communities properly determine if and when to reopen schools for in-person teaching.This story was originally published by Julia Varnier at WTKR. 1838

While Election Day is still 19 days away, voters were already forced to make a decision on Thursday: Donald Trump or Joe Biden.While the decision will not show up on an official ballot or election, the choice Americans were forced to make was on which presidential town hall to watch. While having debates on competing networks might have made things challenging for swing voters, there are not many undecided voters left, according to polls. In a national poll released by "The Hill" yesterday, the survey found that 7% of voters remain undecided. On one network, Joe Biden calmy responded to questions from a socially-distanced audience in Pennsylvania. Meanwhile, President Donald Trump sparred with NBC News host Savannah Guthrie in a competing town hall there.The dueling town halls were held in lieu of a traditional town hall debate. The debate was scrapped after the Commission on Presidential Debates said that tonight’s debate would be held virtually. Trump opted out of a virtual debate, prompting Biden to schedule a forum on ABC News. Yesterday, Trump announced he too would hold a network-televised debate, this time on the NBC family of networks.Trump and Biden plan on debating next week in person for the final time. Biden said he would like to see Trump tested for the coronavirus at the next debate.“Yeah," Biden said when asked if Trump should be tested. "By the way, before I came up here, I took another test, I've been taking it every day, the deep test, you know, the one, they go in both [noses]. Because I wanted to be able to — if I had not passed that test, I didn't want to come here and not expose anybody."White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany originally stated that Trump was tested multiple times a day. But Trump has acknowledged that he wasn’t tested every day, and said during Thursday’s town hall he was unsure when his last negative test was before announced he was infected with the coronavirus on Oct. 2.“I don't know, I don't even remember,” Trump said. “I test all the time. I can tell you this. After the debate, like, I guess, a day or so, I think it was Thursday evening, maybe even late Thursday evening, I tested positive. That's when I first found out,While Biden answered questions on tax policy, Trump responded to a New York Times story on his personal taxes, and was pressed on details that he reportedly owes 0 million in taxes in the coming years. "I'm treated very badly by the IRS,” Trump said. “They treat me very, very badly. You have people in there from previous administrations. They treat me very badly. But we're under audit. It's very routine in many ways. But we're under audit. They like to change the game, change the rules, do everything,"Biden was pushed on whether he would raise taxes amid a pandemic and higher unemployment.“When I said the Trump tax cuts, about .3 trillion of the trillion in his tax cuts went to the top one tenth of 1%,” Biden said. “That’s what I’m talking about eliminating. Not all the tax cuts that are out there.” 3033

WESTFIELD, New Jersey — A New Jersey family says it was scared away from its home after a series of cryptic and threatening letters from someone known as "The Watcher."The family is now speaking out about its own real-life horror movie.Derek and Maria Broaddus were too spooked to ever move into their .3 million dream home in Westfield, New Jersey.They spoke with New York magazine in their first public interview after the scary ordeal that went on for years.The first letter arrived one night in June 2014. Derek had just finished an evening of painting his new six-bedroom home at 657 Boulevard.Dearest new neighbor at 657 Boulevard, 647