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ISLAMABAD, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Pakistan ranks the seventh in the world in terms of diabetes prevalence rate and over 7.1 million people in the country are diabetes patients, reported local media on Monday.Quoting a report by the World International Diabetes Federation, a local English newspaper "The News" said that every year 89,000 people die of diabetes in Pakistan and the number of diabetes patients in the country could hit 11.5 million by the year 2025 if proper measures were not taken.This would make Pakistan the world's fifth largest country in terms of its number of diabetes patients 14 years later, warned the report.At a seminar organized Monday in Islamabad to observe the World Diabetes Day which falls on Nov. 14, Dr. Abdus Salam from Shifa International Hospital, a private-run hospital in the capital city, said that every ten seconds, two people are diagnosed with diabetes and one person dies of diabetes-related causes.The average age of diabetes patients in Pakistan is one of the lowest in the world, said the report. In a bid to raise public awareness about the harmful effects of diabetes, various diabetes camps, scientific sessions, seminars and walks were organized across the country on Monday to mark the World Diabetes Day.In a message delivered on Sunday, Pakistani Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani said that the World Diabetes Day draws attention to the lethality of the disease and underscores the need of preventive measures at individual and collective levels."Diabetes is a killer which is taking the life of one person out of every 800," said the prime minister, adding that "this disease hits people of all age groups, rich and poor alike without any discrimination."

YANGON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Myanmar surgeons have successfully separated the fifth conjoined twin baby girls, official media reported Thursday.The surgical operation by Dr. Htoo Han and his assistants was performed on the two-year-and-one-month-old conjoined twins named Ma Ingyin Khaing and Ma Ingyin Hlaing in the Children's Hospital in Yangon Wednesday, according to the New Light of Myanmar daily.The separated twins, who are under extensive care in the hospital, are from Kawtin village in Laungton township in southern Tanintharyi region.Myanmar surgeons had carried out four successful similar surgical operations on twins in the past over two decades.The fourth twins, who are also baby girls named So Pyay Lin and So Pyay Win with their chests joined together, were successfully separated in October 2009.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China will push to properly resolve the case of a Chinese skipper indicted by Japan, the Foreign Ministry said Friday.Spokesman Hong Lei said this is a common fishing case, and the Chinese embassy in Japan has dispatched officials to visit the skipper.China requests that Japan ensure the rights of the Chinese skipper, Hong said, and China is communicating closely with Japan in order to properly resolve the case.The Chinese government has been requiring fishermen to fish legally, Hong said, adding that the competent authorities have done a lot in this area, and he promised to promote the management and education of Chinese fishermen.Japanese prosecutors have indicted the captain of a Chinese fishing boat for illegally operating in Japanese waters, a local official said Friday.The Nagasaki District Public Prosecutors Office has finalized its case against Zhong Jinyin, 39, following his December 20 arrest near islands off southwest Japan, according to the official.The prosecutors have not indicated whether the skipper has admitted to the charge.