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CANBERRA, April 1 (Xinhua) -- People who share bongs to smoke marijuana may be at risk of contracting pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) , Australian medical researchers warned on Friday.Dr Michael Hayes and Dr Susan Miles from Calvary Mater Hospital in Newcastle of Australia conducted the research, which centered on three recent TB cases in New South Wales.TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be contracted by breathing in air droplets coughed from an infected person.The research suggested a link between active TB cases and shared bongs, which is the water pipes commonly used in marijuana smoking.According to Dr Hayes, the three young patients were regular or heavy cannabis users, and more recently there has been a fourth person in the region with similar characteristics had been diagnosed with TB.He said although the three initial cases were not related, there was concern about the high rate of positive contacts among people who had shared bongs with the active cases."Smoking marijuana is a cough-provoking activity and it is usually conducted in a confined environment that is conducive to the spread of the organism," he told Australia Associated Press.
VIENNA, March 28 (Xinhua) -- Stress hormone is helpful in alleviating acrophobia, a morbid fear of great heights, according to a study by Austrian scientists.They published the findings in the recent Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Frank H. Wilhelm, professor from the Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology at the University of Salzburg, Austria, carried out the first study demonstrating the clinical effectiveness of hormones released at periods of high stress in anxiety.The study found hormones and other drugs could be a good addition to behavioral treatment of several anxiety disorders.People with acrophobia have formed a so-called fear memory, which could be activated when the fear-causing stimulus occurs. They tend to react with feelings of extreme fear and anxiety to the ride in a glass elevator.Hence, scientists conducted a confrontation therapy, trying to mask this memory.A total of 40 experimental subjects had been put in a safe environment to constantly confront the fear-inducing stimulus, until they had a new reaction to the perceived threat.Observations also suggested hormones released in high stress had impact on learning and memory.Additionally, stress hormones were believed to facilitate the storage of new, anxiety-free competence and experienced confidence in the therapy. Animal studies have shown that this emotional relearning benefits from cortisol, one of the stress hormones.
BEIJING, Feb. 17 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee on Thursday night hosted a gala to celebrate the traditional Lantern Festival.Chinese President and General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Hu Jintao and eight other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee attended the event, along with representatives from Beijing's intellectual circle.The eight CPC leaders included Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang.The gala was presided over by Li Changchun, who extended warm regards to the participants on behalf of the CPC Central Committee.Mentioning 2010 as an extraordinary year for China's development, Li said the CPC Central Committee, with Hu Jintao as the General Secretary, led the Party and nation to successfully host the Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games.
LOS ANGELES, May 9 (Xinhua) -- Drinking alcohol may raise the likelihood among teenagers to spend more time on computers, a new study suggests.The study, conducted by researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College, was based on a survey of 264 teenagers, aged 13 to 17.Results showed that compared with teens who did not report drinking, those who drank alcohol in the last month used a computer more hours per week for non-school-related activities, including the use of social networking sites.Drinking was also linked to more frequent social networking and listening to and downloading music, according to the study published Monday in the on-line edition of the journal Addictive Behaviors.However, there was no demonstrated link between alcohol use and computer use for school work, neither there was strong link between video games and drinking or on-line shopping and drinking."While the specific factors linking teenage drinking and computer use are not yet established, it seems likely that adolescents are experimenting with drinking and activities on the Internet," said Dr. Epstein, assistant professor of public health at the college."In turn, exposure to on-line material such as alcohol advertising or alcohol-using peers on social networking sites could reinforce teens' drinking."Children are being exposed to computers and the Internet at younger ages. For this reason it's important that parents are actively involved in monitoring their children's computer usage, as well as alcohol use."Teenagers typically first experiment with alcohol at age 12 or 13, according to the study.Family risk factors include lax parental supervision and poor communication, family conflicts, inconsistent or harsh discipline and a family history of alcohol or drug abuse."According to a national study conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, more than half of parents of teenagers had filters installed on the computers their child uses to block content parents find objectionable, yet many parents do not use any form of parental monitoring, particularly for older teens," Epstein said.
You can think of NASA's Discovery program as a sort of outer-space American Idol: every few years the agency invites scientists to propose unmanned planetary missions. The projects have to address some sort of fundamental science question, and (this is the tough part) they have to be relatively cheap to pull off — say, half a billion dollars or so. Then the proposals go through a grueling competition before judges who aren't as nasty as Simon Cowell but who are every bit as tough. The one left standing at the end gets the equivalent of a recording contract: NASA supplies the funding and the launch vehicle, and away the winner goes — to orbit Mercury, as the Messenger spacecraft is doing right now; or to rendezvous with a couple of asteroids, as the Dawn mission will start doing this July; or to smash into a comet on purpose, a feat achieved by Deep Impact in 2005, a mission not to be confused with the movie of the same name. Now it's time for the next contenders. NASA has just announced that the first round of the latest Discovery competition is over, with three entries out of 28 moving on to the finals. They are, in increasing distance from Earth: the Geophysical Monitoring Station (GEMS) lander, which would use seismometers to study the interior of Mars; the Comet Hopper, which would do just that, leaping from place to place across the surface of Comet 46P/Wirtanen to see how different parts of the tumbling body react to heating by the sun; and the Titan Mare Explorer (TiME), which would plop into a sea of liquid hydrocarbons on Saturn's moon Titan — the first oceangoing vessel ever to set sail on another world. If you had to come up with a theme that ties all three missions together, it would be "origins." The Titan explorer, for example, will be studying a place that — in a crude way, at least — resembles the early planet Earth at a time when life arose here. Titan, with a thick atmosphere and a bizarro-world form of weather featuring toxic winds and hydrocarbon rain, is home to a mix of complex chemistry, complete with organic molecules. The oceans provide a medium in which the molecules can move around and interact with each other. It's even conceivable, though clearly a long shot, that some form of microscopic life already exists on this frigid moon. The Mars lander, by contrast, would visit a place where the seas — plain water in this case — vanished long ago. But the mission of GEMS goes far deeper than that. By analyzing Marsquakes on the Red Planet, GEMS will try to get a handle on what the interior of Mars is like. Scientists don't currently know whether the planet's core is liquid, like Earth's, or solid, or some mushy consistency in between. It all depends on how efficiently Mars has cooled since it formed 4.5 billion years ago, and that depends in turn on the planet's internal structure. "That's the mission," says Bruce Banerdt, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the lead scientist for GEMS. "We want to understand how Mars was built." Along with sensitive seismographic equipment, GEMS will drill down about 20 ft. (6 m) with a thermometer-equipped probe, trying to figure out how quickly the temperature rises with depth. "That will let us extrapolate all the way down to the center," Banerdt says, "which will tell us how fast Mars is cooling."