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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As Americans wait for a regulatory decision on Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate, local dry ice companies are counting on the cold chain distribution to help boost sales that have significantly dried up during the pandemic.San Diego Ice Company in the Midway District said it is already fielding calls from hospitals and clinics looking to order dry ice. The family-owned business has distributed ice products for decades, but vice president Anthony Toma said the company has secured the equipment needed to begin manufacturing dry ice from liquid carbon dioxide in December.“Without this dry ice, there's no vaccine,” Toma said.Dry ice is carbon dioxide in its solid form. It’s critical to shipping and storing Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate.While Moderna’s vaccine can be stored in a standard freezer, Pfizer’s candidate needs to be kept at 94 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. That’s colder than winter in Antarctica.The company says once it gets the green light from the FDA, it will pack vials in boxes with dry ice. Each shipper box can hold up to 5,000 doses and will be fitted with sensors to constantly track location and temperature.Pfizer will ship the boxes from sites in Kalamazoo, MI and Pleasant Prairie, WI via FedEx and UPS, sending them to hospitals, clinics and pharmacies across the country.From there, vaccination providers must store the doses in a way that preserves their efficacy. Long-term storage of up to six months requires an ultra low-temperature freezer, but outside of hospitals those units are rare.The cold chain required for Pfizer’s candidate is “the most challenging issue” facing distribution, Governor Gavin Newsom said Monday.Newsom said the state plans to assist Pfizer’s efforts by purchasing 16 ultra low-temperature freezers, along with 61 smaller freezers that will be positioned in high-need areas.Another storage option is to keep doses in Pfizer’s thermal shipper box. Vials can last in the box for up to 15 days be refilling the dry ice, and Toma expects some of his dry ice will be part of that process.“We're gonna play a big part,” he said. “We're ready for that and we're honored to do it.”Toma is hoping dry ice will help thaw sales that have plummeted because of the pandemic. A lot of the ice business relies on big events and conventions that have been shut down. Restaurants have reduced volume. Airlines have cut back on food service.“There are a couple of [ice] companies that I spoke with and they said, ‘If it wasn't for dry ice, we wouldn't know what to do,’” he said. “Dry ice is keeping most of us alive.”Toma knows the implications aren’t just financial. Both he and his wife caught the virus and recovered, so they know just how important these vaccines are.Starting in December, San Diego Ice Company will start producing about 1800 pounds of dry ice an hour, he said. That’s enough to fill 36 of Pfizer’s shipper boxes, which require 50 pounds of dry ice each.The FDA has scheduled a meeting of its vaccine advisory committee on December 10. The agency is expected to announce a decision on whether to approve an emergency use authorization shortly thereafter. 3161

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Authorities eradicated a massive illegal marijuana grow operation discovered near a popular trail in the Rancho Pe?asquitos area.According to Drug Enforcement Administration officials, San Diego police officers were called out to an area of the Del Mar Mesa Preserve on Tuesday regarding a homeless encampment. That’s when they discovered more than 2,000 marijuana plants.The plants were 5- to 7-feet tall and were ready to be harvested. The street value of the crop is estimated to cost as much as .5 million, the DEA said.The plants were hidden below the canopy of the natural vegetation.“The way that it was set up, it was obvious people were living on that property, would lead us to believe, if we had to make a guess, it was most likely cartel-related,” DEA officials said.They called it a sophisticated operation, adding it was rare to see an illegal grow of its size growing in a city so close to homes.“In this case, we think it's more likely they found a fire hydrant or some sort of a city water source that they were able to tap into,” DEA officials said. “We couldn’t find that in this case, but we think that’s the most likely scenario.”Authorities said there was also an extreme fire danger associated with the grow. They found trash in the vicinity, as well as two propane tanks and open flame burners for cooking in an area with tall, dry vegetation.Authorities have not found anyone connected to the illegal operation. They are asking the community with any information to come forward. 1534

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As drugmakers race to develop a vaccine against the coronavirus, several legal questions are emerging: could the government require people to get it? Could people who refuse to roll up their sleeves get banned from stores or lose their jobs?The short answer is yes, according to Dov Fox, a law professor and the director of the Center for Health Law Policy and Bioethics at the University of San Diego.“States can compel vaccinations in more or less intrusive ways,” he said in an interview. “They can limit access to schools or services or jobs if people don’t get vaccinated. They could force them to pay a fine or even lock them up in jail.”Fox noted authorities in the United States have never attempted to jail people for refusing to vaccinate, but other countries like France have adopted the aggressive tactic.The legal precedent dates back to 1905. In a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the court ruled Massachusetts had the authority to fine people who refused vaccinations for smallpox.That case formed the legal basis for vaccine requirements at schools, and has been upheld in subsequent decisions.“Courts have found that when medical necessity requires it, the public health outweighs the individual rights and liberties at stake,” Fox said.In 2019, New York City passed an ordinance that fined people who refused a measles vaccination.That said, recent protests over face coverings show there could be significant backlash to a vaccine mandate, Fox said. Just because states have the power to do it, doesn’t mean it’s the best public policy, he added.Although states would have the authority to mandate vaccinations, there’s more doubt about whether Congress could enact a federal requirement.The most likely federal vaccination requirement would come in the form of a tax penalty, but Fox said given the current composition of the Supreme Court, a federal vaccine requirement would likely be found unconstitutional.Opponents of a federal mandate would cite the Supreme Court’s 2012 decision on the Affordable Care Act, Fox said. In that case, the justices ruled that Congress could not use its powers to regulate interstate commerce to require people to buy health insurance, even though the ACA’s individual mandate was ultimately upheld on separate grounds.That means the U.S. could have a patchwork of different vaccine requirements in different states.States that explore a vaccine requirement should only do so if the vaccine is widely and readily available, Fox said.“Otherwise you create an underclass of people who are less safe and without access to the basic means of society,” he said.States would need to allow exemptions for people with legitimate medical risks, like pregnancy, but not exemptions on religious or philosophical grounds, he said.“Religious exemptions are not constitutionally required by the First Amendment’s Free Exercise clause, provided that the vaccine mandates don’t single out religion; they’re not motivated by a desire to interfere with it,” he said.In the workplace, private employers would have a lot of flexibility to require vaccinations and fire workers who refuse them for anything but legitimate medical concerns.As long as employers show there are significant costs associated with having unvaccinated workers, they would not need to offer religious exemptions to employees, Fox said.Under the 1964 Civil Rights Act, employers are not required to accommodate religious employees if doing so would pose more than a “de minimis,” or minimal cost. 3561

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As hospitals in San Diego County receive vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna, a new concern is surfacing in the United Kingdom.A new COVID variant is reportedly infecting people rapidly and may be 70% more contagious than COVID-19. The new variant reportedly caused over 60% of infections in London this month alone.But there is good news, according to UC San Diego infectious disease expert Dr. Robert Schooley."It doesn't seem to be any more difficult to neutralize and should be responsive to the vaccines we're using,” Schooley told ABC 10News.RELATED: Britain hit with several travel bans over new coronavirus strainEven though there's no evidence yet of the new variant being deadlier than COVID-19, many European countries aren't taking any chances. Some countries have canceled inbound flights from England."The one caveat is if this virus accelerates an epidemic and more people are infected around you, your chance of getting infected will be greater with new and old strains, and so this vaccine will have to work harder, and we'll have to get more people vaccinated to have same level of population protection,” Schooley said.While the U.S. has yet to announce travel bans involving the UK specifically, Schooley said restrictions would certainly help the spread of any virus amid a global pandemic. 1336

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Campaign ads against San Diego District Attorney Summer Stephan over a backlog of rape kits to be tested were recently pulled from television.More than a hundred people stood on the steps of San Diego's Hall of Justice, showing support for Stephan, as she blasted her opponent's television campaign ads. The ads were paid for by the Justice and Public Safety PAC, funded by billionaire financier George Soros."We need your help to get the word out, San Diego is not for sale!" Stephan said, flanked by several crime victims who shared their personal stories.RELATED: Billionaire backs candidate for San Diego District AttorneyThe ad in question is about rape kits not being tested. Stephan announced in April that her office is spending million for an out-of-state laboratory to test 1,000 rape kits to end a backlog.Stephan's opponent, Genevieve Jones-Wright, stands by the ads, saying she hopes they'll be updated with larger numbers."My reaction ... hopefully, they make it more accurate; not hundreds of backlogged rape kits," Jones-Wright said. "There are thousands still sitting on our shelves, collecting dust as a result of her failed leadership."It's not clear why the ads were pulled. 1249