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WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Breastfeeding protects against childhood obesity, but less than 4 percent of U.S. hospitals provide the full range of support mothers need for breastfeeding, according to a report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tuesday.Improving rates of breastfeeding by providing better hospital support to mothers and babies is an important strategy to improve children's health, including a reduced risk of childhood obesity, the monthly Vital Signs report said."Hospitals play a vital role in supporting a mother to be able to breastfeed," it said."Those first few hours and days that a mom and her baby spend learning to breastfeed are critical. Hospitals need to better support breastfeeding, as this is one of the most important things a mother can do for her newborn. Breastfeeding helps babies grow up healthy and reduces health care costs," it added.The report found only 14 percent of hospitals have a written and model breastfeeding policy.It also found in nearly 80 percent of hospitals, healthy breastfeeding infants are given formula when it is not medically necessary, a practice that makes it much harder for mothers and babies to learn how to breastfeed and continue breastfeeding at home.Additionally, only one-third of hospitals practise rooming in, which helps mothers and babies learn to breastfeed by allowing frequent chances to breastfeed.Finally, the report found in nearly 75 percent of hospitals, mothers and babies don't get the support they need when they leave hospitals, including a follow-up visit, a phone call from hospital staff and referrals to lactation consultants, and other important support systems in their communities.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 19 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Tuesday reported strong third fiscal quarter results that top analysts' expectations, citing strong iPhone and iPad sales.For its fiscal 2011 third quarter ended on June 25, Apple reported net income of 7.31 billion U.S. dollars or 7.79 dollars per share, compared with 3.25 billion dollars, or 3.51 dollars per share a year ago.Its revenue reached 28.57 billion dollars, compared with 15.7 billion dollars in the same period a year earlier. International sales accounted for 62 percent of the quarter's revenue.The average estimate is a profit of 5.84 dollars a share on revenue of 24.9 billion dollars.The Cupertino, Califronia-based company sold 20.34 million iPhones in the quarter, representing 142 percent unit growth over the year-ago quarter. It sold 9.25 million iPads in the third quarter, a 183 percent unit increase on a year-over-year basis.The only drawback is the sales of iPods, which had a 20 percent unit decline to 7.54 million from the year-ago quarter."We're thrilled to deliver our best quarter ever, with revenue up 82 percent and profits up 125 percent," Steve Jobs, Apple's chief executive officer, said in a statement."Right now, we're very focused and excited about bringing iOS 5 and iCloud to our users this Fall," added Job.It is the first time since 2008 that Apple's third-quarter earnings does not include the release of a new iPhone, which, slated for launch in September, is reportedly to be thinner and lighter with a faster chip and 8-megapixel camera.Apple has enjoyed double-digit year-over-year percentage revenue growth for the past four quarters. It had previously beaten the average earning projection for at least 29 straight quarters, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.For the fourth fiscal quarter of 2011, Apple's chief financial officer Peter Oppenheimer said the company expects revenue of 25 billion dollars and earnings per share of about 5.5 dollars. Apple has been known for its conservative projections of earnings.Apple has been operating without the daily attention of Jobs since the CEO took a medical leave this January. The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that some members of Apple's board have discussed CEO succession with executive recruiters and at least one head of a high-profile technology company.But the people familiar with the matter told the newspaper that it was more of an informal exploration of the company's options and don't appear to have been acting on behalf of the full board.Meanwhile, Apple has recently been busy with a number of legal battles over patent rights with HTC, Eastman Kodak and Samsung.Last week, the U.S. International Trade Commission made an initial ruling that HTC infringed two of Apple's phone patents in its smartphones powered by Google's Android operating system.If upheld, the ruling could let Apple force other Android phone makers to pay significant patent fees.On Tuesday, Google's executive chairman Eric Schmidt said at a conference in Tokyo that Apple's smartphone lawsuits are inspired by jealousy and a lack of innovation in iPhone, noting Google would support HTC's fight against Apple and was confident of a win.

MOSCOW, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- Russian federal space agency -- Roscosmos -- has announced that it would launch four more spacecraft in the forthcoming four months, including two Soyus manned spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS).In accordance with the work schedule of Roscosmos, two cargo spaceships -- of the "Progress" type -- will be launched on Oct.30, 2011 and on Jan.26, 2012, while the two manned spacecraft will be blast off on Nov.12 and Dec.20.Roscosmos said on Tuesday it had been conducting consultations with NASA over updated plans of the upcoming expeditions to the ISS.According to Roscosmos, the new launch schedule has been drafted on the basis of an investigation into an abortive launch of a cargo spaceship on Aug. 24, when the Progress M-12M cargo spaceship failed to reach the orbit due to a rocket malfunction. Russia announced on the same day to delay its future launches of manned spaceship to ISS.After the retirement of the U.S. space shuttle fleet, Russia's Soyuz spacecraft has become the only way for astronauts to reach the ISS until at least the middle of this decade.

BEIJING, Sept. 6 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists from Tufts University of the U.S. have created the world's smallest electrical motor in a single molecule.The finding was published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology on Monday.In the research, scientist successfully made a single molecule accept an electrical charge and rotate as fast as 120 revolutions per second."This is the first time that electrically-driven molecular motors have been demonstrated, despite a few theoretical proposals," said Charles H. Sykes, professor of chemistry at Tufts who led the team.The single molecule electric motor could lead to new types of electrical circuitry, giving hope for scientists to apply it in medicine and engineering, he said."The next thing to do is to couple it to other molecules, lining them up next to one another so they're like miniature cog-wheels, and then watch the rotation propagation down the chain," said Sykes.