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WELLINGTON, May 13 (Xinhua) -- While it's long been known that a little sunshine can spread happiness, researchers in New Zealand have found that it can also save the lives of pneumonia patients.Medical scientists have found that vitamin D, which is absorbed through the skin and produced with exposure to sunlight, is a major factor in the survival rate of pneumonia patients.Researchers at Waikato University collaborated with doctors at Waikato Hospital, both Hamilton-based institutions, to study blood samples of 112 patients admitted to the hospital with pneumonia during the winter.They found that those with severe vitamin D deficiency 17 of the patients were more likely to die within a month, compared with patients with normal or slightly low vitamin D levels.Dr Bob Hancox, of the hospital's department of respiratory medicine, said five of the 17 died, a 29-percent mortality rate, compared with four deaths among the 95 patients with higher vitamin D levels, a 4-percent mortality rate."The analysis confirmed that the difference in mortality rates between the two groups was very unlikely to be due to chance," Hancox told Xinhua.Vitamin D deficiency was a concern around the world, Hancox said."Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D, so it tends to be a winter problem in temperate climates when people spend a lot of time indoors. But it occurs in all countries and vitamin D deficiency is believed to be a major problem worldwide."There is accumulating evidence that we need vitamin D to help fight infections, such as pneumonia as we have shown, as well as improve bone health," he told Xinhua."What is not yet clear is whether we can do anything about it. We don't know whether treating people with vitamin D supplements would help to prevent or treat respiratory infections. This is what we need to find out now."Dr Ray Cursons, of the Biological Sciences department at Waikato University, said patient age, sex, additional health conditions, and other prognostic factors did not affect the research outcome, although researchers still could not establish a causal link between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in the patients.Waikato Hospital D respiratory specialist Dr Noel Karalus said it was not yet known whether giving patients vitamin D supplements after their admission to hospital with respiratory tract infections would alter outcomes."It may transpire that vitamin D helps us avoid infection rather than cure it once established."Cursons said the best source of vitamin D was sunlight as dietary sources such as fatty fish and cod liver oil did not contain enough vitamin D."There is still some controversy regarding the optimal daily allowance of vitamin D. How much we absorb through the skin depends on sun exposure, skin type and geographical latitude. M ori and Pacific Islanders absorb less because of their darker skin, and people in colder climates also have lower levels of vitamin D. "Pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide, killing an estimated 1.6 million children under the age of five each year, according to the World Health Organization.The research findings are published in the journal Respirology, published by the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, this month.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 4 (Xinhua) -- Major trading partners of the United States, including China, did not manipulate their currencies to gain an unfair advantage in international trade in 2010, according to a report released by the U.S Treasury Department on Friday."Based on the resumption of exchange rate flexibility last June and the acceleration of the pace of real bilateral appreciation over the past few months," China's behavior did not qualify under the official definition of manipulation, the Treasury said in its long-delayed semiannual report to the Congress on International Economic and Exchange Rate Policies.With respect to exchange rate policies, ten economies were reviewed in this report, accounting for nearly three-fourths of U. S. trade. Many of the economies have fully flexible exchange rates. A few have more tightly managed exchanges rates, with varying degrees of management."No major trading partners of the United States" met the standards identified by the Congress as currency manipulator, concluded the report.Since the June 19, 2010 announcement by China's central bank of greater exchange rate flexibility, its currency, also known as renminbi (RMB) has appreciated 3.7 percent against the dollar, or about 6 percent annualized. The renminbi has appreciated 26 percent in total against the dollar since 2005.The Treasury said that because inflation in China is significantly higher than it is in the U.S., the RMB has been appreciating more rapidly against the dollar on a real, inflation- adjusted basis, at a rate which if sustained would amount to more than 10 percent per year.The U.S. accuses Beijing of keeping its currency undervalued, flooding the country with cheap exports and costing U.S. jobs. But many economists believe that the appreciation of RMB will help little to the U.S. employment."Treasury today again made the right call on China's currency policy in its latest exchange rate report," John Frisbie, President of the U.S.-China Business Council (USCBC) said in a statement after the U.S. Treasury Department'report."While USCBC believes that China should allow its exchange rate to better reflect market forces, designating China as a ' manipulator' would achieve nothing. USCBC continues to support the Obama administration's approach of combined multilateral and bilateral engagement with China as the most effective way to make progress on the exchange rate issue."

BRASILIA, April 26 (Xinhua) -- A survey conducted by Brazil's Ministry of Health showed Tuesday that half of Brazilians aged over 55 have hypertension.According to the research, which has been carried out annually since 2006, the proportion of Brazilians diagnosed with hypertension increased over the past five years, from 21.6 percent in 2006 to 23.3 percent in 2010.Besides, the diagnosis of hypertension is higher among women (25.5 percent) than men (20.7 percent). But in both sexes, the older people are, the more common the disease becomes, the ministry reported.The ministry also said that, to address the problem, the Brazilian government distributes free medicines to control blood pressure, since 80 percent of Brazilians who suffer from hypertension depend on the public health system.The Ministry of Health signed on April 7 an agreement with the food industry, aiming to reduce salt in processed food.If hypertension is left untreated, some complications including clogged arteries, stroke and myocardial infarction will bring patients more troubles.

ROME, May 26 (Xinhua) -- African swine fever, a viral disease deadly to pigs but harmless to human beings, is spreading beyond Russia and the Caucasus region into Europe, the United Nations' food agency said Thursday."African swine fever is fast becoming a global issue," said Juan Lubroth, chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agriculture Organization."It now poses an immediate threat to Europe and beyond. Countries need to be on the alert and to strengthen their preparedness and contingency plans," he said.The disease, for which there is currently no vaccine, was introduced into Georgia from southern Africa late in 2006. It entered through the Black Sea port of Poti, where garbage from a ship was taken to a dump where pigs came to feed, the FAO said.Strategies to tackle African swine fever include quarantine, on-farm security and other measures aimed at minimizing the risk of introduction and establishing of the disease.

LOS ANGELES, May 20(Xinhua)-- Peter, a Chinese American who works for the post office in Rosemead, California, said he has been attacked by dogs twice in the past 10 years while delivering mails.He said as a mail carrier, he has to walk door to door to put mails into the mailboxes of the residents, and many times the owners were not at home but their dogs were too loyal to their duties and would see mail carriers like him as intruders."It is dangerous to be a mail carrier. The enemy is not humans but animals like dogs who have been generally seen as human's best friends," Peter, who asked not to identify his full name, told Xinhua.Mail carriers in the United States feel the real danger of being attacked by dogs while delivering mails door by door.Statistics released by the U.S. Post Office showed that 5,669 postal employees were attacked by dogs in 2010 in the United States. That's an average of 11 dog attacks every delivery day, and that figure does not include the number of threatening incidents that did not result in injury.Los Angeles is the third most dangerous city in the U.S. when it comes to being a mail carrier with 44 mail carriers being attacked by dogs in 2010, according to the U.S. Post Office.San Diego in California and Columbus in Ohio tied for second place, each logging 45 dog attacks. Houston in Texas is the most dangerous city in the U.S. for mail carriers with 62 attacks in 2010.On May 25, 2010, Eddie Lin, a 33-year old Chinese American postal carrier in San Diego, was attacked by a dog while delivering mail, his head hit on the ground and died 10 days later. His death angered his family and the whole community.The daughter of the dog's owner, who identified herself as Eva, said the incident has devastated her father."We feel really bad," Eva told the local press in an interview. "It's just killing my Dad," she added.On Sept. 30, 2010, a German Shepard and a Pitbull mix attacked Hu Ruiz, a 10-year veteran of the U.S. Postal Service. He luckily recovered from puncture wounds on his arms after the two dogs attacked him as he made deliveries along Camden Avenue in San Jose, California.It is not the problem for the mail carriers only. Dogs attack other people too. Statistics showed that there are more than 4.7 million Americans bitten by dogs nationwide annually.