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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It’s back to school for many kids across San Diego County. For some, it means new anxieties in the classroom, but for others, it means facing their old foe: bullying. A new program aimed at helping students understand their emotions in an effort to stop aggressive behavior before it starts is sweeping through the San Ysidro School District. RELATED: New program tackles behavioral issues to reduce future crime and violence in school 464

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s a term we’ve heard a lot during the pandemic: emergency use authorization.From ventilators to diagnostic tests to experimental drugs like remdesivir, the Food and Drug Administration has issued at least 616 emergency use authorizations, or EUAs, since the pandemic began.“That’s such a powerful term: emergency use authorization,” said President Donald Trump on Aug. 23 when announcing an EUA for convalescent plasma.Top officials at the FDA are now floating the idea of using an EUA to speed up distribution of a vaccine against COVID-19, writing that it “may be appropriate” under certain circumstances. Critics contend it would be a dangerous move.The mechanism was put into law back in 2004, and EUAs have been used in several health emergencies since, including the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.An EUA allows the FDA to temporarily authorize a drug or device for use during an emergency under certain conditions. There must be no formally approved alternatives to the product, and the available evidence must suggest the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.“Because in some emergencies, we just cannot wait for all the evidence needed for full FDA approval,” the agency says in a video explaining the rationale for an EUA.While EUAs are relatively common for diagnostic tests and experimental drugs, there has only been one EUA issued for a vaccine. In 2005, the FDA authorized a vaccine intended to protect U.S. soldiers from an anthrax chemical attack. It was the first time the FDA ever used the EUA process. In that case, the product, Anthrax Vaccine Absorbed, had been formally licensed in 1970 as safe and effective against anthrax on the skin, but was not formally approved to counteract inhaled anthrax.In a letter to pharmaceutical companies, the FDA said it “may be appropriate” to issue an EUA for a COVID-19 vaccine “once studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness” of the product, but before other steps in the traditional submission process, like detailed information on how the vaccine was made and tested.“It is extremely rigorous,” Dr. Christian Ramers of Family Health Centers of San Diego said of the typical FDA approval process. “People have to submit thousands of pages of documents. They have to open their books, essentially, and show all of the detail on how these things have been tested.”An EUA could allow for the release of a vaccine before the election, something President Trump has suggested but other members of his administration have said is unlikely.The prospect of an EUA for a vaccine alarms consumer advocates like Dr. Sidney Wolfe of Public Citizen, who sent a letter to the agency urging it to avoid the expedited process.“The amount of information on how effective it is, the amount of information on how safe it is is less than would be required for full approval,” Wolfe said. “And full approval could arguably come in three or four months.”Wolfe thinks an EUA could backfire.“The loss of confidence by people will contribute to a much decreased willingness to be vaccinated,” he said, citing a survey during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic that showed people were reluctant to volunteer for inoculation if the vaccine only had emergency authorization.Critics say there’s already shaky public confidence after reports of political pressure from the president in the EUAs for convalescent plasma and for hydroxychloroquine.In the latter case, the FDA revoked the EUA for the anti-malaria drug June 15 after more studies showed it wasn’t effective and could have serious side effects.Dr. Ramers at Family Health Centers of San Diego says there is a big ethical difference between authorizing an experimental drug with limited data and authorizing a vaccine.Fundamentally, doctors give drugs to patients who are already sick, and they're more willing to try something untested in a last-ditch effort. “In somebody who has been through two or three or four rounds of [chemotherapy] and nothing has worked, the risks and benefits are tilted in a different way,” he said.“But a vaccine is a really special situation because we’re giving it to healthy people. We’re giving it to the general population before they become ill. So historically, the safety threshold for a vaccine has been way, way, way higher,” Ramers added. 4302

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - If the flood of fellow travelers doesn't keep you close to home this Memorial Day weekend, perhaps the price at the pump will.Gasoline prices have climbed 12 cents over the past two weeks to bring the national average to about .93 per gallon before the Memorial Day weekend. It's the highest since Memorial Day 2014 when the average hit .65 a gallon, according to AAA.In California — one of 14 states above a gallon — drivers will have it the worst in the U.S. with an average of .71 a gallon.GAS PRICE MAP: Find the cheapest gasoline near you and around San DiegoSan Diego's local prices mimic the state's trend. A year ago the average for a gallon of gas in the county was about .03, compared to about .73 a gallon today.For the week ending on May 11, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported gas stocks fell by about 200,000 barrels to 29.7 million barrels.However, inventory levels are 600,000 stronger than this time last year. Imports increased by 50,000 barrels to 117,000 barrels last week, EIA reports.RELATED: Memorial Day weekend to see the most travelers in last 12 yearsDespite this, gas prices don't look like they'll put a dent in weekend travel.This year, AAA expects more than 41.5 million travelers to be out for Memorial Day weekend, a five percent jump from last year. Of that, about 36.6 million people will be on the roads.And drivers may need to fill up more often on top of that. Transportation analytics company INRIX predicts travel delays could be up to three times longer than normal in some areas of the country.BEFORE YOU HEAD OUT: Check updated San Diego traffic conditionsAnd as the summer rolls in, gasoline prices may not look back."Compared to an average of the last three Memorial Day weekends, pump prices are nearly 50 cents more expensive and climbing," Jeanette Casselano, an AAA spokesperson, said. "Trends are indicating that this summer is likely to bring the national average to at least /gallon." 2040

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Intense heat is sparking fires and sending San Diegans to the coast seeking relief."The temperatures today are pretty extreme," Cal Fire Captain Thomas Shoots said, adding the brush is dry from the heat and lack of rain making Wednesday's forecasted record heat very dangerous.A brush fire sparked in Ramona near Ramona St. and Boundary Ave around 11 a.m.The triple-digit heat causing concern for Fire Chief Jason Lambirth with the U.S. Forest Service, "we really take care of our own people, keep a close eye on them, make sure they're hydrated with water and Gatorade and go from there."Firefighters kept the blaze within a couple of acres, according to Shoots.A huge relief to neighbors, like Leanne Plunkett who has lived in Ramona for 44 years. "Oh I'm relaxed now, but it was pretty hectic for a while!" Plunkett said.She was stepping into the shower when law enforcement knocked on their door to issue evacuation orders. Plunkett said she jumped out, threw on clothes, and started packing jewelry and important documents.She said they had to evacuate twice in the past, including the Cedar Fire.The heat taking its toll on San Diegans across the county. Many, like Oscar Fuentes from El Cajon, headed to the beach."It was starting to get to 110 degrees out there so we decided to hit the beach... It's a lot more tolerable that's for sure it's really nice, I expect it's going to be a lot better when we get in that water."He's not alone according to Sgt. Lonnie Stephens with San Diego Fire Rescue's Lifeguard Division."We're still seeing elevated beach crowds on the weekends and during the weekdays." He said normally crowds dissipate after Labor Day but that hasn't happened yet."Throughout this heat, which has been ongoing for quite some time, yes we have had some citizens that have had some heat-related illness." He said it's important to wear loose-fitting clothing, drink plenty of water, wear sunscreen and stay in the shade when possible.An Excessive Heat Warning is in effect until Thursday night. 2045

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Many kids are starting the school year with a device at home as schools across the state go back in session.Meanwhile, some of their teachers are back in the classroom alone, running classes virtually to help keep some of the normalcy intact."I come to school for the kids," said Tanya Morrison, a geography teacher at West Hills High School in Grossmont Union High School District.Last school year, she taught six classes and saw around 190 teenagers every day."Now, I am waiting for my students to log in," Morrison said.Instead of walking up and down rows of desks, she teaches her twice a week virtual lessons through the computer. Her computer sits at eye-level thanks to a stack of textbooks.Morrison's got two screens, so she can see the teens and the lesson."They should already be working," she said. "They get their assignment at 8 in the morning on our Schoology platform, and they just log-in, and it's kind of self-directed work, and then we move into twice a week Zoom meetings," she said.Preparation for the lesson began days earlier.Instead of a free form approach, Morrison makes a slide presentation to keep the students engaged."I’ll use an app today called Pear Deck, and what it does is it makes Google Slide presentations interactive," she said. "So each slide they have a chance on their end to write a response and it kind of forces engagement and gives them something to do while I'm talking."But even with all the planning, there's still challenges."In the classrooms, I can see that kids are disengaged," she said. "With this, I'm trying to figure out are you really disengaged or do you have a lot of kids in your house, and it's just easy to get distracted."Morrison's been teaching for 16 years.Instead of teaching from home she chose an empty classroom and campus to make sure she's focused on the students as this year's needs are so different. Not everything happens in a Zoom session."Just those normal conversations that might happen in five seconds in the room is like 45 minutes of buildup and email conversations, can I call you now, are you going to answer and those little things," she said.With more than half of the counties in California on the state’s monitoring list, most learning, for now, is at a distance.Morrison doesn't make the rules on how or when kids will be back, but she tries to control what she can."It gives me that passion to keep going and just to see that I do this for the kids," she said. 2481

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