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发布时间: 2025-05-26 11:35:11北京青年报社官方账号
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INDIANAPOLIS -- Vice President Mike Pence took to social media to celebrate the NFL's new policy that requires players to stand during the national anthem during games. The new policy, announced Wednesday, comes after months of controversy that started with silent protests by then-San-Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick, who said he was kneeling during the anthem to draw attention to injustice.After Kaepernick's protest, NFL players across the nation began to follow suit which later drew the ire of President Donald Trump, who in 2017 said players' kneeling showed "total disrespect for our great country."Pence expressed his feelings about the decision on Twitter with the hashtag #Winning along with a CNN story calling the new policy a "Victory for President Trump". 826

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IRVING, Texas – In a letter sent to scouting families Monday, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) announced its support of the Black Lives Matter movement.The BSA’s National Executive Committee pointed out that the organization wasn’t living up to one of the 12 points of The Scout Law – bravery.“Brave means taking action because it is the right thing to do and being an upstander even when it may prompt criticism from some,” wrote the committee. “We realize we have not been as brave as we should have been because, as Scouts, we must always stand for what is right and take action when the situation demands it.”The BSA went on to say that there is no place for racism in scouting or in its communities, and it won’t be tolerated.“We condemn the murders of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor and all those who are not named but are equally important. We hear the anguish, feel the heartbreak, and join the country’s resolve to do better,” the committee wrote.The organization also said it would be introducing a specific diversity and inclusion merit badge that will be required to become an Eagle Scout.“It will build on components within existing merit badges, including the American Cultures and Citizenship in the Community merit badges, which require Scouts to learn about and engage with other groups and cultures to increase understanding and spur positive action,” wrote the committee.Additionally, the BSA is also committing to reviewing every element of its programs to ensure diversity and inclusion are ingrained at every level for participants and volunteers by applying a standard that promotes racial equality and denounces racism, discrimination, inequality and injustice.It’s requiring diversity and inclusion training for all BSA employees starting July 1 and taking action toward introducing a version for volunteersAnd lastly, the organization is conducting a review of property names, events and insignia to build on and enhance the organization’s nearly 30-year ban on use of the Confederate flag and to ensure that symbols of oppression are not in use today or in the future. 2115

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In the middle of a pandemic, 13-year-old Jade stood in her kitchen with her phone in her hand, listening intently to the instructions coming from the other end of her Zoom call.It was her first time attempting to make Rice Krispies Treats.“Cooking is one of my favorite things to do, but I still have a lot of things to work on,” she explained as she mixed a small cup of marshmallow with the cereal she’d already poured into a bowl.For Jade and countless other kids across the country, the COVID-19 pandemic has meant a sudden absence of social time with friends who they’d typically see at school. For Jade, the pressures of the pandemic can often be incredible loneliness, even with her grandma, grandpa and mom living at home with her.“Two months ago, we were all hanging out. Now we’re all home. It’s really hard, but I’m getting used to it now,” she said.Before the pandemic began, Jade was enrolled with the group Big Brothers Big Sisters of Central Massachusetts. In an effort to make sure Jade is handling the pressures of the pandemic, Jade’s “Big Sister” and mentor Angela Potts has been scheduling weekly Zoom calls.From the very start of quarantine, the pair decided baking would be the way they would bond from afar.“It keeps your mind off of everything negative that’s going on in the world,” Angela said from her kitchen as she added chocolate chips to the Rice Krispies Treats that she was making.Each week, the pair chooses a recipe, then they schedule a time to cook together. Even though they aren’t meeting in person, it still gives Angela a chance to check on her mentee.“If she needs someone to talk to, to reach out to, I’m here for her and I hope she knows that,” Angela added.Across the country, Big Brothers Big Sisters has turned to virtual meetups to make sure vulnerable kids and teens are still getting one-on-one time with mentors.“Now is the time that kids need that extra support. The world is just in chaos, so we’re letting them know they aren’t alone,” said Courtney Evans who works for the nonprofit.Until Big Brother and Big Sisters can meet with their mentees again safely in person, the organization says virtual meetups are making sure kids don’t slip through the cracks. 2221

  

It may not be as oft-quoted as the First Amendment or as contested as the Second Amendment, but the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution plays a critical role in supporting some of our closest-held notions of American freedom and equality.For one, it clearly states that American citizenship is a birthright for all people who are born on American soil -- something that President Donald Trump has announced he wants to end. Not only would this unravel 150 years of American law, it would loosen a significant cornerstone of the Constitution's interpretation of American identity.In order to better understand this part of the 14th Amendment, we asked two experts in constitutional and immigration law to walk us through the first section. The amendment has five sections, but we will only be dealing with the first, which contains the Citizenship Clause and three other related clauses.But first, some historyThe 14th Amendment is known as a Reconstruction amendment, because it was added to the Constitution after the Civil War in 1868. That places it at an important historical crossroads, when lingering wounds of divisiveness and animosity still plagued the nation and the reality of a post-slavery America begged contentious racial and social questions."Thomas Jefferson said men were created equal, but the original Constitution betrayed that promise by allowing for slavery," says Jeffrey Rosen. "The 13th, 14th and 15th amendments were designed to enshrine Lincoln's promise of a new America."However, as so often is the case, this reaffirmed American ideal fell short of reality. Rosen notes that issues of civil rights and equal treatment continued to be denied to African Americans, LGBT people and other citizens for more than a century after the amendment's ratification.And Erika Lee points out that Native Americans weren't even allowed to become citizens until 1925."Even as [these amendments] were written, obviously there were major built-in inequalities and maybe at the time weren't intended to apply to everyone," Lee says.Why was citizenship by birthright such an important concept?"Citizenship was a central question left open by the original Constitution," says Rosen. "At the time it was written, the Constitution assumed citizenship, but it didn't provide any rules for it. In the infamous Dred Scott decision, the Chief Justice said African Americans can't be citizens of the US and 'had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.'"The US Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case, named for a slave who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom, has since been widely condemned.READ MORE: Scott v. Sandford"The 14th Amendment was designed to overturn this decision and define citizenship once and for all, and it was based on birthright," Rosen says. "It is really important that it's a vision of citizenship based on land rather than blood. It is an idea that anyone can be an American if they commit themselves to our Constitutional values."What does it mean to be "subject to the jurisdiction thereof?"According to Rosen, this is one of the greatest questions of citizenship. There are two clear examples of people not subject to the jurisdictions of the United States: diplomats and their children, and -- at the time of the 14th Amendment -- Native Americans, who were not recognized as part of the American populace."With those two exceptions, everyone who was physically present in the United States was thought to be under its jurisdiction," Rosen says. "There are numerous Supreme Court cases that reaffirm that understanding, and almost as importantly, there are lots of congressional statutes that assume birthright citizenship."Some scholars, like John Eastman of the Claremont Institute's Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, have argued that children of illegal immigrants are not "subject to the jurisdiction" of the US and thus should not be considered citizens under the Constitution.But Rosen says this is a minority view among constitutional scholars of all political backgrounds."While the Supreme Court has not explicitly ruled [on the instance of children of illegal immigrants], Congress has passed all kinds of laws presuming their citizenship," Rosen says.What is the connection between birthright citizenship and immigration?In 1898, 30 years after the 14th Amendment was adopted, the Supreme Court reached a defining decision in a case known as the United States v. Wong Kim Ark. Lee explains that Wong Kim Ark was the American-born son of Chinese immigrants."Asian immigrants were the first immigrants to the US that couldn't be considered white," Lee says. "So they are treated differently. They are taxed differently, they are stripped of many rights. In the 1880s, they are excluded from immigration and barred from citizenship."READ MORE: The United States v. Wong Kim ArkSo, the main question of the case was, could a person born in America be a citizen in a place where his parents could not be as well? The Supreme Court decided yes, and the case remains the first defining legal decision made under the banner of birthright citizenship."[The Supreme Court's decision] said that the right of citizenship is not a matter of inheritance, that it never descends from generation to generation, it is related to where you're born," Lee says. "It's about the power of place. That has been a very expansive, and at the time, a corrective measure to a more exclusionary definition both legally as well as culturally as to what an American is."Why must it be stated that the privileges of citizenship need to be protected?Before the Civil War, states didn't necessarily have to follow the provisions stated in the Bill of Rights; only Congress had to. The 14th Amendment changed that."This second sentence of the Amendment means that states have to respect the Bill of Rights as well as basic civil rights and the rights that come along with citizenship," Rosen says. "The idea was that there were rights that were so basic; so integral to citizenship that they could not be narrowed by the states."Despite the promises and protections of citizenship, Lee says it is abundantly clear that different racial groups were, and often are, seen as unable or unworthy to function as true American citizens. After all, basic rights of citizenship, like suffrage and equal treatment, were denied certain racial groups for a hundred years after the 14th Amendment."The idea of a law applying to 'all people' seems to be clear. But in reality, the debate and the laws and practices that get established are very much based on a hierarchy of, well sure, all persons, but some are more fit and some are more deserving than others," she says.Throughout history, Asian immigrants, Mexican immigrants, Muslim immigrants and their children, to name a few, have had unspoken cultural caveats applied to their ability to be Americans."For Asian immigrants, the racial argument at the time was that 'It didn't matter whether one were born in the US or not, Asians as a race, are unassimilable. They are diametrically opposite from us Americans,'" Lee says."That was the argument that was used to intern Japanese citizens. It was the denial of citizenship in favor of race: 'The ability to become American, the ability to assimilate, they just didn't have it.'"Why was it important to legalize rights for non-citizens?So far, we've covered the first clause, the Citizenship Clause, and the second, the Privileges and Immunities Clause. These both deal with American citizens.The final two clauses, the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection clause, are a little different, and deal with the rights of all people in the United States.Eagle-eyed Constitution readers will notice that the 14th Amendment contains a "due process" clause very similar to the Fifth Amendment. This, says Rosen, was a technical addition to ensure the Fifth Amendment wasn't theoretically narrowed down to protect only American citizens."The 14th Amendment distinguishes between the privileges of citizenship and the privileges of all people," Rosen says. "The framers [of the amendment] thought there were certain rights that were so important that they should be extended to all persons, and in order to specify that they needed a new 'due process' clause."What does it mean to have 'equal protection of the laws'?"At the time following the Civil War, at its core, it meant all persons had the right to be protected by the police, that the laws of the country should protect all people," Rosen says. "In the 20th century, more broader questions were litigated under the 14th Amendment, like Brown v. Board of Education -- whether segregation was constitutional. Cases involving the internment of Japanese citizens, case from the marriage equality decisions, even Roe vs. Wade have strains of equal protection language and invoke due process law."READ MORE: Brown v. Board of EducationAnother interesting case that speaks directly to the immigration side of the 14th Amendment debate is the 1982 case of Plyler v. Doe, in which the Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional for the state of Texas to deny funding for undocumented immigrant children.READ MORE: Plyler v. DoeWhy are we talking about all this right now?This week,?Trump vowed to end the right to citizenship for the children of non-citizens and unauthorized immigrants born on US soil.But his interest in repealing birthright citizenship isn't a new idea. Lee says for the last 30 years or so, there have been several overtures by the political right to explore "citizenship reform," a timeline that she says aligns with the ascendancy of modern American conservatism.Lee fears if the current push to end birthright citizenship is successful, it could have wider implications than most people assume. People from other countries who are here legally on work or student visas, for instance, could have children who do not legally belong to the only country they know."There have been attempts since the 1990s to break away birthright citizenship, or narrow it down, and it did not seem that they would have a chance at succeeding until now," she says."To me this not only reflects the ascendancy of an extreme right position but also a return to a very narrow and exclusionary definition of Americanness." 10356

  

INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — University of Notre Dame students are now subject to mandatory coronavirus testing with stricter penalties if they leave town before getting their test results after thousands of fans stormed the football field and threw parties to celebrate a double-overtime upset over Clemson.Notre Dame President, the Rev. John Jenkins, said in an email Sunday that students must undergo coronavirus testing before leaving South Bend, Indiana, for the winter break.Jenkins says if a student is exposed or tests positive, they must quarantine on campus for two weeks. Students who don't complete the test can't register for classes.According to the Associated Press, students will face "severe sanctions" if they host a large gathering.As of Monday afternoon, the university's online COVID-19 dashboard showed six new cases reported on Sunday, giving the school 1,382 total positive cases among students and staff members. Of that total, the school estimated 221 active cases.In a resolution passed Thursday, Notre Dame's Faculty Senate formally expressed disappointment in Jenkins for failing to wear a mask at Amy Coney Barrett's nomination ceremony at the White House Rose Garden, the AP reported. Jenkins tested positive for COVID-19 in October. 1263

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