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WASHINGTON, June 6 (Xinhua) -- A new University of Missouri study shows that the exposure to the controversial chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) through diet has been underestimated by previous lab tests.The findings were published on Monday in Environmental Health Perspectives.In the study, researchers compared BPA concentrations in mice that were given a steady diet supplemented with BPA throughout the day, compared to the more common lab method of single exposure, and found an increased absorption and accumulation of BPA in the blood of the mice.The authors continuously exposed the mice to BPA through their feed, which is considered the primary route of exposure to this chemical in animals and humans. In previous studies examining the effects of BPA, mice were exposed to BPA only through a one-time administration.Following the exposure through the diet, a significantly greater increase in the active form of BPA, which is the greatest threat as it is the form that can bind to sex steroid receptors and exert adverse effects, was absorbed and accumulated in the animals."People are primarily and unknowingly exposed to BPA through the diet because of the various plastic and paper containers used to store our food are formulated with BPA," said Cheryl Rosenfeld, associate professor in biomedical sciences and corresponding lead author. "We know that the active form of BPA binds to our steroid receptors, meaning it can affect estrogen, thyroid and testosterone function. It might also cause genetic mutations. Thus, this chemical can hinder our ability to reproduce and possibly cause behavioral abnormalities that we are just beginning to understand."The study notes that more than eight billion pounds of BPA are produced every year, and more than 90 percent of people in the United States have measurable amounts of BPA in their bodies."When BPA is taken through the food, the active form may remain in the body for a longer period of time than when it is provided through a single treatment, which does not reflect the continuous exposure that occurs in animal and human populations," said Rosenfeld. "We need to study this further to determine where the ingested BPA becomes concentrated and subsequently released back into the bloodstream to be distributed throughout the body."

SHENZHEN, June 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists who have fully sequenced the genome of the new E. Coli spreading through Europe said Saturday they found genes in the bacteria that gave it resistance to eight classes of antibiotics.Researchers with the Beijing Genomics Institute, the world's largest DNA sequencing center, have found genes in the newly identified 0104 strain of E. Coli bacteria that made it resistant to major classes of antibiotics including sulfonamide, cephalothin, penicillin and streptomycin.This helped explain why doctors in Europe had difficulties in fighting the bug that has killed 18 people and sickened nearly 2,000, BGI's major research arm in Shenzhen said on its website Saturday.This would help doctors choose right medicines for the treatment, it said.The researchers are developing a diagnostic kit which will be used to detect the bacteria and prevent the epidemic from spreading further.The Chinese researchers obtained DNA samples of the bacteria from collaborating scientists in Germany and fully sequenced its genome in three days this week.They announced on Thursday the E. Coli spreading through Europe was "a new strain of bacteria that is highly infectious and toxic".The 0104 strain of E. Coli was not previously involved in any E. Coli outbreaks. However, it has 93 percent sequence similarity with the EAEC 55989 E. Coli strain which was isolated in the Central African Republic and known to cause seriously diarrhea, BGI said.The source of the outbreak is unknown, but scientists say it is highly likely to have originated in contaminated vegetables or salad in Germany.

WELLINGTON, July 29 (Xinhua) -- Scientists from around the world will gather on the east coast of New Zealand next week to discuss proposals to study "silent" earthquakes by drilling into the seabed.Silent quakes, also known as slow slip events, occur on the boundaries of the earth's tectonic plates, where one plate dives under another in areas known as subduction zones, and are slower than normal quakes, taking weeks or months to occur rather than seconds, and are rarely felt on the surface.About 70 scientists from 10 countries will convene in the city of Gisborne, which lies near the site of a major fault line and where scientists first identified silent earthquakes in 2002.Slow-slip events were first discovered with the advent of new measurement technologies on the west coast of Canada about 15 years ago and have since been recorded at about a dozen locations around the world, including four sites around New Zealand, said a spokesperson for New Zealand's Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS Science).About eight slow-slip episodes have occurred under Gisborne since 2002 at roughly two-year intervals.Scientists have proposed numerous theories to explain the phenomenon, but testing the theories is difficult as silent quakes happen many kilometers below ground."The best way to understand the true cause of slow-slip events is to drill into and sample the area on the plate boundary fault where they are known to occur, and monitor a whole range of physical and chemical properties at the plate interface," said Laura Wallace, of GNS Science.

BEIJING, Sept. 4 (Xinhua) -- Officials and delegations from China and African countries have gathered at a seminar being held in Beijing to discuss rural development and economic growth.The seven-day seminar kicked off on Sunday, attracting representatives from China and 11 African countries to exchange views and experiences related to the seminar's theme of "agriculture and rural development."Justin Lin Yifu, chief economist and senior vice president of the World Bank, said at the seminar's opening ceremony that African countries should take cues from China's experience in creating a series of policies to bolster agricultural and rural development, as these policies have also facilitated the country's economic growth.Hu Jinglin, assistant to China's Minister of Finance, said improved agricultural cooperation between China and Africa will help enhance global grain security.China has worked on 142 cooperative agricultural projects with 14 African countries to date. In addition, it has sent 104 agricultural experts to 33 African countries to train more than 4,200 local agricultural technicians.

BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Almost one in four Chinese students aged between 12 and 14 have tried smoking, according to the results of a survey released by the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (CATC).The survey, carried out among 38,839 students and 6,503 teachers from middle and high schools in 11 provinces across the country between May and June, showed that 22.5 percent of students aged between 12 and 14 had tried smoking and that 15.8 percent of middle and high school students smoke regularly."There are definitely quite a number of boy students in my class who smoke regularly as some have been found smoking outside campus during lunch break," said Li Xiaolan, an English teacher from a high school in Shanghai. The survey also found that 39 percent of students took their first cigarette from their classmates."It was quite common to smoke with my classmates at school and we usually smoked in toilets or in corners of the playground after lunch," said Zhou Guangrong, a 22-year-old university student from Guiyang, Guizhou province, who started smoking when he was 12.The majority of student smokers buy cigarettes themselves and about 76 percent of the adolescent smokers said that there is at least one cigarette shop within 200 meters from their school."When I was a student at middle and high schools, they were surrounded by cigarette shops," said Zhou who used to smoke two cigarettes per day in primary school and two packs per week in middle and high school."We're keen to show that more adolescents are starting smoking much younger than before, and that we need to minimize the number of young smokers," said Duan Jiali, secretary-general of the youth tobacco control commission under CATC. Duan added that teachers and parents should set a good example for teenagers by not smoking in front of them at school or at home, which is the most influential way of stopping adolescents from smoking.China banned smoking in 16 types of public indoor venues - including hospitals, schools, bars, restaurants and hotels - on May 1 in an attempt to curb tobacco use in the country with the world's largest number of smokers.Currently, there are more than 300 million smokers in China, and about 1.2 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total, according to statistics from the World Health Organization."Meanwhile, about 540 million people are exposed to secondhand smoke, 48.9 percent of which are adolescents (from 15 to 19 years old)," said Xu Guihua, deputy director of the CATC."It's essential and urgent for us to control the number of adult smokers who potentially tempt adolescents to smoke."