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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s one of the few drugs shown to help fight the novel coronavirus, and a large federal study on remdesivir just entered a new phase.Previous research sponsored by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease showed remdesivir shortened recovery time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on average from 15 days to 11 days.Now scientists and doctors are racing to find the perfect cocktail against COVD-19 by blending remdesivir with other drugs.California-based Gilead Sciences originally developed the drug to fight Ebola, but remdesivir was never approved. Gilead Sciences has offices in Oceanside.The drug works by interrupting the virus’ ability to replicate.“Remdesivir acts by shutting down virus production,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease expert at University of California San Francisco. “It just forces the virus to stop making virus children.”Dr. Chin-Hong is studying remdesivir as part of the NIAID research.The problem is that stopping the virus from replicating isn’t enough for some severely ill patients. They suffer from a second problem: massive inflammation from the immune system’s war with the virus.That’s why scientists are trying a cocktail approach.“You have the virus to take care of, but you also have the body's response to the virus, which is inflammation, that you also have to take care of,” said Dr. Chin-Hong.Researchers started testing the first drug cocktail in May, using an arthritis drug called baricitinib that tames inflammation.But as the data on that part of the study gets crunched, researchers began testing the second cocktail this month, a combination of remdesivir and interferon beta.“Interferon beta is something we produce naturally to fight viruses,” said Dr. Chin-Hong. He said studies have shown people who don’t produce enough interferon beta struggle to fight off the virus.Researchers selected interferon beta after two small studies showed promising results against the coronavirus.Interferon beta can both reduce inflammation and kill viruses, so doctors are hoping it will be a potent one-two punch with remdesivir.Dr. Chin-Hong said he and other researchers started administering the new cocktail this month.Some patients will receive the cocktail, some will receive a placebo, and some will get remdesivir only. This kind of clinical trial is called an adaptive trial, which the FDA started encouraging in 2004. After each phase, the winning drug or cocktail will be tested against a new challenger.Dr. Chin-Hong said the eventual cocktail may include three or more drugs, similar to HIV medication. 2617

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Just beyond the gates to Richard J. Donovan Correction Facility are rows of chain-linked fence topped with razor wire.Guard towers surround the complex southeast of San Diego; signs display a warning of no trespassing.The elaborate security set-up is designed to keep inmates in, but those serving time have discovered they don't need to be beyond the walls to inflict havoc on the world outside.Inmates are using cell phones and social media accounts to try and pimp women on the outside."They will work these girls and women outside of prison," said San Diego County Deputy District Attorney Carolyn Matzger. For the past six years, she's been in the sex crimes and human trafficking division.Pimping from prison is a phrase Matzger's become all too familiar with.Team 10 investigator Adam Racusin asked Matzger if pimping from prison is a growing trend."It's something that we definitely realized is happening," she said.Matzger authored an article in "Law Enforcement Quarterly" profiling the first prison trafficking case the San Diego Human Trafficking Taskforce handled.According to the article, a detective in Arizona saw a social media profile with pictures of a man in prison clothes. "The detective, using an undercover social media account of a fake 18-year-old woman, sent a message to the inmate Wendell Bullock." "So he was serving a rape sentence and trying to work women while he was in prison," Matzger said.Court paperwork obtained by 10News shows Bullock identified himself as a pimp during the communication with the detectives. He asked if they had escorted before and told them they could make money together. Bullock made statements that the female's job was to make money and Bullock would be responsible for posting the ads and for keeping her safe.According to the documents, Bullock would tell the girls what to say on the phone and what to look out for. Bullock told one of the females that she would not be having sex for less than 0."It's the promises they make of, 'Hey this is a quick buck. You could make good money doing this. I believe in you,'" Matzger said. "They often say to these women, 'I believe in you.'"This scheme ended with Bullock pleading guilty. He got an additional 10 years behind bars for pandering.In his plea agreement, Bullock wrote that he unlawfully encouraged the undercover detective to become a prostitute by using promises or device or scheme."If you have a human being and you are able to sell that person over and over and over again, that's very very lucrative," Matzger said.A state corrections official told 10News "contraband cell phone usage is a problem that CDCR takes very seriously.""Cellphone use by inmates can pose a security risk. Modern cell phones can record video and audio, and connect to the Internet. Additionally, contraband cellphones in state prisons can be used to facilitate or commit crimes, including illicit gang activity," said Vicky Waters, CDCR Press Secratary."The department has implemented many strategies to curb introduction and use of contraband cellphones, including the Managed Access System (MAS) or jamming/interruption technology, K-9s trained to detect cellphones, the use of parcel scanners, low-dose full-body scanners, metal detectors, etc., which provide a good foundation for preventing contraband from entering the institutions. Also, under CDCR regulations, inmates are prohibited from internet access. Thus, this implicitly bars inmates from access to social media since internet access is required in order to access such social media. Given the prohibition on internet access and also the fact that inmates are barred from possessing cellphones or wireless communication devices, the manner in which California inmates access social media is in violation of the law," said Waters.In the San Diego County region, sex trafficking is an 0 million business annually.Traffickers can make anywhere from half a million dollars on up.The average age of someone who's recruited is 16-years-old.Matgzer says kids are recruited from every neighborhood in the county. As for what motivates the pimps, Matzger won't speculate. In prison, inmates have a lot of time and are looking for ways to make money, says Matzger.Despite being behind bars, inmates can still have a lot of influential power inside and outside the correctional facility."They can do these blasts really quick for them to reach a lot of people and they only need one or two people to bite, and then they've got a business," Matzger said. Since Bullock's case, the human trafficking task force investigated four inmates in three other state prisons who are suspected of using cell phones to traffic.Two of those inmates have already been brought to San Diego County to be prosecuted.If you're a victim or know someone, there's help out there. Call the National Human Trafficking Hotline toll-free hotline at 1-888-373-7888. Anti-Trafficking Hotline advocates are available 24/7 to take reports of potential human trafficking. Text the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 233733. Chat the National Human Trafficking Hotline at www.humantraffickinghotline.org/chat. 5178

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — King tides are expected to hit San Diego County's coastline starting this weekend.The high tide event is forecasted to begin Sunday, Nov. 15, and last through Monday, Nov. 16, according to the California King Tides Project. Another round of king tides is also expected next month from Dec. 13 through Dec. 15.High tide is set to steadily rise through the weekend, with Friday's high tide reaching 6.9 feet ahead of Saturday's 7.3-foot high tide. Sunday and Monday will see high tide reach 7.5 feet, before gradually decreasing through the remainder of the week, according to Tide Forecast.FORECAST: Latest 10News weather forecast for San Diego County"King tide" is the term used to refer to the natural occurrence of higher than normal tide caused by the alignment of the gravitational pull between the sun, moon, and Earth. While the tide event isn't an everyday occurrence, it is a natural one.According to the California King Tides Project, king tides are generally the highest tides of the year. The group says that understanding king tides help plan for higher sea levels in the future, though the event is not caused by a rise in sea levels."King Tides are the highest high tides of the year, about a foot or two higher than average tides, which corresponds to the one to two foot rise in sea level expected during the next few decades. When you observe the King Tides, imagine seeing these tides (and the associated flooded streets, beaches, and wetlands) almost daily," according to the group.While the event has the ability to produce lively imagery of tide crashing onshore, beach-goers are warned to be careful when near the shoreline, especially if they're near an area prone to erosion. Coastal flooding, affecting businesses and residences, can also occur during these high tide events. 1827

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Loved ones gathered at Sunset Cliffs Friday to remember a high school student who died after jumping from 20 feet up, and drowning.10News learned the 15-year-old Anthony Womack and some friends skipped school to spend time at Sunset Cliffs on Wednesday.His friends told San Diego Lifeguards that the teen jumped into the water but immediately started to panic. The friends said they were unaware that Womack did not know how to swim.Friday night more than 100 people gathered to remember and mourn his loss."It was amazing seeing him every single day, seeing how happy he was walking to class," student Christian Perez said."I was walking to PE and heard someone say Anthony's drowning, and I ran up to them and said what happened and they said Anthony, Anthony's dead. Right when I heard that my whole body just froze, I had no words to say, I just started bursting out tears," he said.As the news spread, Christian said everyone was stunned, "the whole school was quiet, walking through, all the friends, it felt empty not having him there."Anthony's Grandma spoke with friends who were at the cliffs the day he died, giving her closure knowing exactly what happened. She also said it was only the second time he ever ditched school."He passed but he's still here, he's in all their hearts, their eyes and their minds, they all know him," Anthony's uncle, Garney Crews, said.At the vigil Crews brought the students together on the cliff, where Anthony jumped, "they had all their heads down, they were mourning , we don't want that. Anthony wouldn't want that."Instead he worked to spread the light his nephew shone, "hopefully it changes their heart and they become happy and they learn from it and they strive from it and they grow from it and when they pass this point at sunset cliffs, it's not just another place where water hits the rock, it's the place where their friend was taken to a higher level."Saturday there will be a car wash to fund-raise for Anthony's funeral, at the Church of God of Prophecy from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. 2062

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