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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Independent reviews by the FDA show the COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna have similar levels of safety and efficacy, although there are early indications of potential differences.Both vaccines rely on the same basic approach: jumpstarting the immune system with messenger RNA. The FDA confirmed their overall efficacy is essentially identical; 95 percent for Pfizer and 94.1 percent for Moderna.However, signals in the data suggest Moderna’s vaccine may better protect against severe cases of COVID-19, while Pfizer’s vaccine may work better in adults over 65. But experts warned those differences may just be statistical illusions.In Moderna’s study of 30,000 volunteers, 30 people got severe cases of COVID-19. All 30 of those cases were in the placebo group, suggesting the vaccine offers powerful protection against the most serious symptoms.In Pfizer’s trial of 44,000 volunteers, one vaccinated person got a severe case compared to 10 people in the placebo group.“We still need more data,” said Dr. Abisola Olulade of Sharp Rees-Stealy. “It's not a reason to recommend one versus the other.”In adults over 65, the efficacy of Moderna’s vaccine dipped slightly to 86.4 percent. Pfizer’s vaccine was 92.9 percent effective in people aged 65 to 74 and 100 percent effective in individuals 75 and up.“When I think people in the community look at that number, they might say, ‘Oh, that Moderna vaccine probably isn't as good for the older population compared to the Pfizer vaccine.’ But as a clinician looking at numbers, they're both amazing,” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.FDA scientists found both vaccines are safe but short-term side effects are common, especially with Moderna’s drug. Both vaccines are administered in two doses. The table below lists the percentage of vaccinated volunteers who reported a side effect after either dose, although side effects were most common after the second injection.Side effect Moderna PfizerFatigue 68.5% 62.9%Headache 63.0% 55.1%Muscle pain59.6%38.3%Joint pain44.8%23.6%Chills43.4%31.9%Fever14.8%14.2%Typically the symptoms went away in one day.“Just because a vaccine has side effects doesn’t mean it’s not safe,” said Dr. Olulade. “We know that side effects happen actually because your immune system is working and waking up. It's actually a positive thing.”The slight difference in side effects could be because of differences in the way researchers polled volunteers, or it could be something with the architecture of the vaccines, experts said.The companies use different tiny bubbles of fat to enclose the messenger RNA. Moderna’s bubble is a little stronger and more stable so it doesn’t need to be stored at sub-arctic temperatures.“It could be that [Moderna’s] elicits a little more inflammation than the other,” Dr. Chin-Hong said.Having slightly more side effects could be a sign that Moderna’s vaccine prompts a stronger immune response that might lead to longer-lasting immunity, but the durability of either vaccine remains one of the most pressing unanswered questions.The biggest difference may be where the vaccines are deployed. Since Pfizer's vaccine needs to be stored at such cold temperatures, experts said Moderna's vaccine may be prioritized for rural hospitals and community health centers that lack ultra-cold storage units. 3370

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Local research organizations and San Diego County are teaming with the CDC to expand the genome sequencing of COVID-19. That data gives county leaders important information to drive decision-making to help slow and control the spread of the virus.“The virus is constantly evolving and trying to figure out the best way to spread through our population. And is it does that, it changes a little bit,” said Dr. Louise Laurent a professor at UC San Diego, which is part of the team, along with Scripps Research.Laurent says that studying changes in the virus can help identify which cases are connected to each other and which are not. The county can use that information to understand what measures are working, where there are significant outbreaks, and whether new measures are needed to stop those outbreaks.The county’s top epidemiologist, Dr. Eric McDonald, tells ABC 10News that the data shows that through testing and contract tracing, efforts to control outbreaks have generally been effective. “It looks like many of the instances of individuals who are infected don’t result in too many other infections. We don’t have lots of big clusters of the same exact strain,” McDonald said.The data also shows that while the restrictions and actions taken by the county have been effective in controlling outbreaks, COVID-19 continues to spread in San Diego through travel. “What we found is that San Diego has been hit many different times and viruses from other places have come to San Diego,” Laurent said. “We don’t want to be an isolated place. We want to interact, right? We’re just that kind of place. It makes us vibrant. It makes us an interesting place to be. But that also makes us vulnerable.”The research team recently received a .5 million contract from the CDC to expand its work. 1823

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — If you're looking for a grade A education that's worth the price of admission, you're in the perfect city.When it comes to getting the best bang for your educational dollar, University of California, San Diego, is the best in the state, and second best in the U.S., according to Money Magazine.The only college that ranked ahead of UCSD was Princeton University.RELATED: 3 San Diego colleges listed among best in The Princeton ReviewMoney's ranking boasts UCSD as a great value, saying the average student leaves with about ,500 in student debt and recent graduates earn about 14 percent higher than those from universities with similar student bodies, at about ,600 a year.The school also sports one of the highest six-year graduation rates in the country for a public college.Money's rankings report UCSD's estimated price for 2018-19 without any aid will cost about ,900, or about ,900 with aid. About 59 percent who apply for financial aid receive it.RELATED: UC San Diego ranks among world's top universitiesFollowing UCSD, UC Irvine and the University of California, Los Angeles, ranked in the top five. Money compiled the best schools based off 26 factors that focused on educational quality, affordability, and alumni financial success.To read more about the study, click here. 1344

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Just days after San Diego County ordered a shutdown of indoor dining and San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer signed an executive order that makes it easier for restaurants to move seating outdoors, many restaurants are already opening up business outside.Johan Engman is the owner of Rise and Shine Hospitality, which has 18 restaurant locations under the umbrella. Ten of those are Breakfast Republic. He said about half of the 18 locations have expanded to include either sidewalk, parking lot, or shared courtyard space for tables.“Let’s not waste our time complaining or feeling sorry for ourselves. Let’s figure out what do we need to do to give us the best odds to survive this and let’s just do it,” said Engman.For the Pacific Beach Breakfast Republic location, he said there were about 170 seats prior to coronavirus. Once there were social distancing limits, he could seat about 80. With the new ban on indoor seating, that left only about 30 seats on his patio, so the addition of parking lot space will bump seating back up to about 80 people. He said financially, they’re taking a hit, but he made the decision to stay open to help his employees.“Not only seeing how financially detrimental that is, but the morale. So you lay off all your managers then you hire them back. Imagine them literally a couple weeks later you send that message again,” he said.Similarly, La Puerta is seeing the roller coaster of numbers. Owner Merritte Powell said the Gaslamp restaurant is also expanding onto the sidewalk. He said customers will notice a difference, but hopes something is better than nothing.“You’re sitting next to a building, next to a doorway, you’re also going to be a couple feet from a parked car,” he said, referring to the new setup.He said he’s hoping to add plants and lights eventually to make it more aesthetically pleasing and could see a permanent future for sidewalk dining like this if it is successful. He said this could be beneficial in areas like the Gaslamp that lack a lively presence that the outdoor dining will likely bring.Both business owners said the Department of Alcohol Beverage Control has been working quickly and efficiently to help get them the liquor permits they need for the parking lot. They also both are hoping the city votes to allow parklets next week, which they say will further expand seating and appeal. 2386

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It appears traffic along parts of Normal Street in Hillcrest will disappear for good, giving way to the Normal Street Promenade.City Councilmember Chris Ward says the city has signed on for the project as part of the Uptown Bikeways Project with SANDAG.The east side traffic lanes would stay but the lanes on the west side will be replaced by dedicated bike lanes and a pedestrian walkway along a two-block stretch from the Hillcrest Pride Flag to Lincoln Avenue."I'm excited.  Hillcrest is a close-knit community, and this will make it even more social," said Hillcrest resident Madison Layo."A great gathering space for everyone that people can rally around ... show a little pride," said Alex Craig, another Hillcrest resident.Ward says the public space can host events like the weekly farmer's market and Pride gatherings, along with events such as street fairs, movies and concerts.  The proposal also includes 70 extra parking spaces from Lincoln Avenue to Washington Street.  Supporters believe the project could also attract business activity to the area.The Uptown Community Parking District has allocated .8 million for the project.  Community outreach for the project will begin in early 2019 with construction expected to start in 2020. 1307

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