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JINAN, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough that could lead to more effective treatments for leprosy.A team from Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology in east China has identified two new risk variants near IL23R and RAB 32 genes that are responsible for the disease, according to a report published online Monday in the scientific journal Nature Genetics.Knowing that the two gene variants influence susceptibility to leprosy could allow doctors to diagnose the disease in sufferers earlier in its outset, as well as to develop new treatments. A genetic database could now be built up to predict those people particularly susceptible to leprosy, said Zhang Furen, the leader of the research team.The study involved more than 10,000 samples being taken from leprosy sufferers and healthy test subjects and analysed.Leprosy is a chronic nerve-killing disease that leads to problems with patients' skin, feet, hands, legs and eyes. More than 200,000 newly-contracted leprosy cases are reported worldwide every year, and China has around one tenth of the world's sufferers. 

BEIJING, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government on Wednesday released a white paper on its foreign trade, highlighting the country's achievements in boosting foreign trade and contribution to the world economy.The white paper, titled China's Foreign Trade, was released by the Information Office of the State Council.The white paper introduces China's historic progress, international contribution and policies in foreign trade.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- A new study examining weather patterns around the worldwide pandemics of influenza, which caused widespread death and illness in 1918, 1957, 1968 and 2009, finds that each of them was preceded by La Nina conditions in the equatorial Pacific. The study findings are published online Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.The study's authors -- Jeffrey Shaman of Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and Marc Lipsitch of the Harvard School of Public Health -- note that the La Nina pattern is known to alter the migratory patterns of birds, which are thought to be a primary reservoir of human influenza. The scientists theorize that altered migration patterns promote the development of dangerous new strains of influenza.To examine the relationship between weather patterns and influenza pandemics, the researchers studied records of ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific in the fall and winter before the four most recent flu pandemics emerged. They found that all four pandemics were preceded by below-normal sea surface temperatures -- consistent with the La Nina phase of the El Nino- Southern Oscillation.The authors cite other research showing that the La Nina pattern alters the migration, stopover time, fitness and interspecies mixing of migratory birds. These conditions could favor the kind of gene swapping or genetic reassortment that creates novel and therefore potentially more variations of the influenza virus."We know that pandemics arise from dramatic changes in the influenza genome. Our hypothesis is that La Nina sets the stage for these changes by reshuffling the mixing patterns of migratory birds, which are a major reservoir for influenza," says Shaman.Changes in migration not only alter the pattern of contact among bird species, they could also change the ways that birds come into contact with domestic animals like pigs. Gene-swapping between avian and pig influenza viruses was a factor in the 2009 swine flu pandemic.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- Google is mulling a plan to offer paid cable-TV services to consumers, a move that could flare up a new wave of competition in the traditional TV business, U.S. media reported on Friday.According to The Wall Street Journal, the Internet search giant has considered adding video and phone services to a previously announced high-speed Internet service in two U.S. cities.People briefed on the plan told the newspaper that Google has discussed distributing major TV channels from companies like Walt Disney, Time Warner and Discovery Communications as part of the video service. The discussions were still exploratory and no final decisions have been made, said the report.Google said it does not comment on rumor or speculation.Whether it is a speculation or not, the reported plan reflects possible innovation and revolution for the traditional TV experience with the growth of high-speed Internet, which may become another lucrative battlefield all the technology giants will fight for.With the growth of home and mobile broadband services, more and more video contents become available for rental, purchase and streaming on desktop computers, tablet computers and smartphones.Competitions on the video streaming market have been increasingly fierce this year, among such services as Apple's iTunes, Amazon's Prime Video, NetFlix, Hulu Plus and Vudu, which is owned by Wal-Mart.Cable companies, facing a grim picture of being kicked out in the decades to come, also fought back with their own mobile apps and online streaming services.A new Steve Jobs biography revealed that the late Apple co- founder had been working on an Apple television."It would be seamlessly synced with all of your devices and with iCloud. It will have the simplest user interface you could imagine. I finally cracked it," Jobs told biographer Walter Isaacson in the book.Some analysts said the introduction of an Apple smart TV could bring a 100-billion-U.S.-dollar revenue opportunity for the Cupertino, California-based company.Last Friday, Google-owned YouTube announced a plan to launch 100 channels on its site with original professionally produced content. A new version of Google TV was also launched with new search tools that expand results from shows on cable to web-based services like NetFlix and Amazon.

HARBIN, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- A launching ceremony for the 2012 Sino-Russia Tourism Year was held in northeast China's Heilongjiang province Thursday.The initiative, along with an accompanying initiative to be launched in Russia in 2013, will boost people-to-people exchanges and consolidate Sino-Russian relations, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said in a statement on Dec. 31, 2011.The initiative is the third of its kind to take place between China and Russia, following Sino-Russia National Year and the Sino-Russia Year of Language held in 2006 and 2009, respectively.The creation of the 2012 Sino-Russia Tourism Year is a vital decision made by leaders of both countries to boost the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation, said Shao Qiwei, director of China's National Tourism Administration.The tourism year will serve as a platform to display the abundant tourism resources of the two countries, said Grigory Sarishvili, deputy head of the Russia Federal Tourism Agency.Statistics from Russian tourism authorities showed that the number of Chinese tourists to Russia during the first nine months in 2011 saw a year-on-year increase of 52 percent.