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BEIJING, Aug. 5 (Xinhuanet) -- A study conducted by Israeli researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York shows that genes, rather than good eating and lifestyle habits, determine longevity, according to media reports Friday. "This study suggests that centenarians may possess additional longevity genes that help to buffer them against the harmful effects of an unhealthy lifestyle," said senior author Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at Yeshiva University's Albert Einstein College of Medicine.The study involves 477 Ashkenazi Jews between the ages of 95 and 122, of whom 75 percent are women. According to the study, Ashkenazi Jews are chosen as subjects because they are more "genetically uniform than other populations, making it easier to spot gene differences that are present."The study also found that the long-lived Ashkenazi Jews drank slightly more and exercised less than their average counterparts. But Barzilai also warned: “Although this study demonstrates that centenarians can be obese, smoke and avoid exercise, those lifestyle habits are not good choices for most of us who do not have a family history of longevity.""We should watch our weight, avoid smoking and be sure to exercise, since these activities have been shown to have great health benefits for the general population, including a longer lifespan," He added.

WASHINGTON, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Adhering to a healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, exercising regularly, having a low body weight and eating a healthy diet, appears to lower the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in women, according to a study to be published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association."Sudden cardiac death (defined as death occurring within one hour after symptom onset without evidence of circulatory collapse) accounts for more than half of all cardiac deaths, with an incidence of approximately 250,000 to 310,000 cases annually in the United States," the authors write as background information in the study.Using data collected as part of the Nurses' Health Study, Stephanie Chiuve, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and colleagues examined the association between a healthy lifestyle and risk of SCD.A total of 81,722 women who participated in the Nurses' Health Study from June 1984 to June 2010 were included in the new study, and lifestyle factors were assessed via questionnaires every two to four years. A low-risk lifestyle was defined as not smoking, having a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25, exercise duration of 30 minutes/day or longer, and consuming a diet closely related to a Mediterranean-style diet (emphasizes high intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, whole grains and fish, with moderate alcohol intake).During the 26 years of follow-up, there were 321 cases of SCD among women (average age 72 years at the time of the SCD event) in the study. All four low-risk factors were significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of SCD. Not smoking, exercising and eating a healthy diet each were inversely associated with risk of SCD. BMI also was associated with the risk of SCD, with women having a BMI between 21 and 24.9 at lowest risk.Women at low risk for all four lifestyle factors had a 92 percent lower risk of SCD when compared with women at low risk for none of the four lifestyle factors."In this cohort of female nurses, adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of SCD and may be an effective strategy for the prevention of SCD," the authors write.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- A new study has identified the recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella that has a high level resistance to ciprofloxacin, a common treatment for severe Salmonella infections. The study was published on-line Tuesday in The Journal of Infectious Diseases.Francois-Xavier Weill at the Pasteur Institute in France and colleagues studied information from national surveillance systems in France, England and Wales, Denmark, and the United States. The data showed that a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella, known as S. Kentucky, infected 489 patients in France, England and Wales, and Denmark between 2000 and 2008. In addition, researchers reported that the first infections were acquired mainly in Egypt between 2002 and 2005, while since 2006 the infections have also been acquired in various parts of Africa and the Middle East. The absence of reported international travel in approximately 10 percent of the patients suggests that infections may have also occurred in Europe through consumption of contaminated imported foods or through secondary contaminations.In this study, multidrug-resistant S. Kentucky was isolated from chickens and turkeys from Ethiopia, Morocco, and Nigeria, suggesting that poultry is an important agent for infection. The common use of fluoroquinolones in chicken and turkey production in Nigeria and Morocco may have contributed to this rapid spread, according to the researchers.This study highlights the importance of public health surveillance in a global food system. The investigators reported that they will continue to monitor this multidrug-resistant strain as well as help strengthen the capacities of national and regional laboratories in the surveillance of Salmonella and other major foodborne pathogens through the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network.Salmonella infection represents a major public health problem worldwide. An estimated 1.7 million such infections occur in North America each year. More than 1.6 million cases were reported between 1999 and 2008 in 27 European countries. Although most Salmonella infections produce only mild gastroenteritis, elderly and immunocompromised patients are especially at risk for life- threatening infections. These cases are typically treated with antimicrobials called fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin.

LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- At least 70 genetic mutations may be involved in the formation of colon cancer, far more than scientists previously thought, a new study suggests.The study by researchers at University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center contradicts previous thinking that only a few mutated genes may play a role in the development of colon cancer."The ways we've been treating patients up to now is to just go after one target when we should be going after three to four different pathways simultaneously," said Dr. Jerry W. Shay, vice chairman and professor of cell biology at UT Southwestern.The new study identified 65 candidate genes and at least five passenger genes whose mutations play significant roles in cancer development. Inactivating the function of any of these tumor- suppressing genes led to a key step in cancer development called anchorage-independent growth, meaning cells piled up on top of each other rather than aligning neatly.According to previous studies, there were 151 candidate genes and that mutations in just eight to 15 of them would lead to cancer. There were 700 other genes classified as passenger genes whose mutations were incidental to cancer growth.Current cancer treatments target just one or two known cancer- driver genes. While patients may get transient tumor burden reduction, almost universally tumor growth returns."Those numbers are dead wrong," Dr. Shay said, suggesting a new approach to colon cancer treatments targeting multiple genes and pathways simultaneously.The next step is further research to classify more accurately which genes drive cancer and which are merely passengers, the researchers said.Study findings were published in the July 2011 Cancer Research (Priority Reports).

BEIJING, July 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Seven of the 20 top selling American prescription drugs will lose their patents by the end of next year, making way for less expensive generic versions, according to media reports.It's a shift that could save consumers billions of dollars -- assuming those big-ticket medications are willing to give up a trusted brand name for an off-label replacement.The prices of medications such as cholesterol-fighting Lipitor and blood thinner Plavix are expected to go down significantly, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Lipitor will lose its patent in November. When that patent expires, people are advised to buy atorvastatin, the generic equivalent. Other brand names include the anti-psychotic Zyprexa and the rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis drug Enbrel, of which the patent will expire in October and October of next year, respectively.Over the next 10 years, an estimated 120 more brand-name prescription drugs will lose their patents in the U.S.