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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The National Institutes of Health highlighted research Tuesday out of UC San Diego that could unlock a new way to treat COVID-19.The research reveals new insight into how the coronavirus hijacks cells, and how doctors might be able to set traps or decoys to combat the virus. The findings were published in the journal Cell last month.“It does open up another avenue for a potential treatment,” said UC San Diego distinguished professor Dr. Jeffrey Esko. “It’s not a cure. It would be something that would tamp down infection potentially.”Since January, scientists around the world have understood that SARS-Co-V2, the official name of the new coronavirus, enters cells by latching onto a specific receptor on the cell’s surface, called ACE2.The UCSD team, led by Dr. Esko and visiting scholar Dr. Thomas Clausen, discovered that this entry mechanism is actually a two-step process, and the virus must also attach to a long chain of sugars called heparan sulfate.“We’ve shown this is fundamental to the infectious mechanism, so it needs to be part of every study from now on,” said Clausen.All cells are coated with a complex layer of sugars, or carbohydrates, called glycans. Heparan sulfate is one type of glycan that is known to play a key role in the infection process in several viruses, including herpes and other coronaviruses.It’s a complicated process to picture so the researchers offer an analogy: imagine a bird, soaring over trees, hunting a worm on the forest floor. The bird is the coronavirus and the trees are the thick layer of glycans that coat the surface of the cell.To reach the worm, which in this case is the receptor ACE2, the bird must navigate its way through the trees, specifically through heparan sulfate.The UCSD found that by removing the heparan sulfate trees with an enzyme, they were able to prevent the virus from infecting cells. In laboratory testing, they also found a second technique worked to foil the virus: introducing more trees as bait.The team found that heparin, an FDA-approved drug that is similar in structure to heparan sulfate, successfully acted as decoy. Heparin is a widely used drug designed to treat blood clots. Since blood clots and strokes are common complications with COVID-19, many doctors already administer heparin to patients.The UCSD team demonstrated that the two approaches can block infection in lab-grown cells about 80 to 90 percent of the time.“Certainly in the laboratory you can demonstrate that it works, but to deploy it and use it as a therapeutic has not been demonstrated,” Esko said.The NIH noted that more studies are planned to explore whether heparin, heparan sulfate, or drugs that target heparan sulfate might yield a viable COVID-19 treatment.Dr. Esko said he’s already been in talks with companies that plan to use their study as a rationale for a clinical trial.“It is very humbling when you realize we’re working on a pandemic right now, and maybe what we’ve done can contribute to a treatment for the disease,” he said. 3038

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Swings and slides sit still across San Diego County, with caution tape wrapped around jungle gyms. Signs warning of coronavirus exposure tell hopeful parents and children the playgrounds they love are still closed.And no one seems to know when that will change."Kids do get infected with COVID, just like adults do," says Dr. Mark Sawyer, a Pediatric Infectious Disease Physician at Rady Children's Hospital."This is why we're worried about kids gathering because they potentially could get infected there and bring the infection home to more high-risk individuals who live in their house."Playgrounds have been closed since the start of the pandemic in March.ABC 10News reached out to San Diego County Officials to see if they have any guidelines in place. A spokesperson referred us to the State Reopening Guidelines.In hundreds of pages of reopening guidelines and plans, the word "playground" only comes up a handful of times. One is in the Industry Guidance for Campgrounds, RV Parks, and Outdoor Recreation. It advises campgrounds that "Playgrounds should also remain closed."Another time is in the State's new Blueprint Activity and Business Tiers for reopening. It specifies that Family Entertainment Centers can reopen Indoor Playgrounds at 50% capacity once their county reaches the Yellow or least restrictive tier.Parents and some lawmakers are growing frustrated at the lack of clarity for City and County-owned playgrounds at parks.On Tuesday, a group of two dozen state lawmakers sent a letter to Governor Gavin Newsom asking him to create clear guidelines for reopening. San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer tweeted his support for the letter.Doctors, however, urge caution."Playgrounds are gold mines for transmissions for other diseases," says Dr. Christian Ramers, an Infectious Disease Specialist at Family Health Centers of San Diego."Kids get runny noses. There's a lot of touching there. Kids are touching everything with their hands. So I think there's uncertainty."Still, studies show kids need outdoor physical activity. A recent report from the American Academy of Pediatrics reinforced guidelines that say kids 3-5 years old should get 3 hours of physical activity every day. Kids 6-17 need at least one hour."I really think kids should be able to play," says Dr. Jaime Friedman, a Pediatrician with Children's Primary Care Medical Group. She says small groups should be able to use playgrounds as long as they wipe down equipment and maintain social distancing."But, I think it would be hard to mandate that everybody has to do it in that way or make a schedule of who can be on the playground..."The important thing is that they need to make sure they're washing their hands, not touching their face, and if other kids show up, or other families show up, then you probably want to get out of there," Dr. Friedman says.There's also a mental health aspect to the debate, as studies show outdoor play helps kids avoid anxiety, depression, and negative feelings.Rady Child Psychologist Brent Crandal says it's up to parents to get creative with play and find other outdoor options."We can take advantage of all the spaces near playgrounds that seem to be open to the public," Dr. Crandal says. "There are hiking trails. There are beaches. There are a lot of outdoor areas to take advantage of."Many parents have decided to break the rules and let their kids use playgrounds anyway. Some playgrounds have added padlocks on swingsets and slides to enforce the rules.In the meantime, City and County leaders say they can't do anything until the state releases specific guidelines for playgrounds.Doctors say the best way to get playgrounds open again is to work towards eliminating the virus."The only way to control this is community-wide effort to follow the guidelines which are basically wearing a mask and staying away from other people," says Dr. Sawyer from Rady Children's Hospital. "If we do that, we're going to win this battle." 3984

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The EPA has announced several short-term projects to stop cross-border sewage spills in the Tijuana River Valley.For years, the area has been dealing with sewage spills and contaminated waters in the area, forcing the closure of local beaches.Some of the projects announced Wednesday include replacing nearly a mile of old leaking pike, improvement to the pumping systems to divert sewage flow away from the Tijuana River Valley, and replacing collectors that had repeatedly collapsed in the past.One of the grants will divert 10-million gallons of wastewater flow a day.Mayors from costal cities like Imperial Beach and Coronado and Border Patrol officials joined the EPA during their announcement, sharing how the contaminated waters have impacted their communities.As a result of these short-term fixes, Imperial Beach mayor Serge Dedina says the beaches are now open.EPA official say the money for these projects come from 2020 funding. There are long-term projects in the work and will be funded by the 0 million designated from the U.S - Mexico- Canada trade deal. 1101

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Sure thousands of San Diegans can't go a week without eating avocado, but how well do they truly know the magical fruit?Enter The Cado, a pop-up experience coming to Liberty Station this summer and offering a unique look at California's favorite food.Tickets must be purchased online ahead of time and are offered in limited quantity. Tickets are and children under 3 years old are free. Wednesday's will offer special family pricing. RELATED: Produce proposal? People using avocados to proposeGuests will be taken on an hour-long tour into what makes avocados so delicious and special to California. Exhibits will build upon each other, immersing visitors into the pit of avocado fun."Built out of 16 shipping containers fused together to create an expansive mobile structure, you’ll walk into our lobby and be fully immersed in a story as each exhibit builds on the one before," organizers say. "Get ready to see the California Avocado in a new light as you walk through the skin and into the fruit."Special avocado-themed tastings are also planned and organizers promise The Cado will be ripe for photography.The pop-up museum will run on select days from June 16 to July 15. 1254

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The military poured .1 billion into San Diego's economy, according to the Military Economic Impact Study released Thursday.The figure higher than expected, according to Executive Director of SDMAC Mark Balmert, due to more ships stopping in San Diego and more sailors and Marines coming to the region.The author of the report, Dr. Lynn Reaser, said these numbers back the idea the military is a mega-industry. She noted San Diego is home to one in every six of the nation's sailors.The study's results were announced across the bay from Naval Air Station North Island, at the Harbor Drive Annex. Mayor Kevin Faulconer was among the speakers and drove home the message: Don't take our military for granted."Those dollars are really going to help every portion of our city," Faulconer said.The focus of this year's study surrounded NAVWAR, Naval Information Warfare Systems Command. The Navy communications headquarters used to be known as SPAWAR. "The new plan is to develop those 70 acres into a technology hub with the NAVWAR headquarters at its center and that will change the Midway District. It will be wonderful for San Diego and it's wonderful for the Navy," Balmert said. "What that's going to mean for our national security for our entire country but also to connect the airport to the trolley," Faulconer added. NAVWAR produced billion in gross regional product and houses 26,000 jobs, according to Balmert, who described the jobs as, "among the better jobs in our community they're high tech jobs, high paying jobs."The study states more than four-fifths of the workforce hold at least a four-year college degree. About two-fifths hold a Master's or Doctorate degree.Reaser said those jobs are secure and will grow, "two-thirds of NAVWAR's employees work in cyber security which is a major emerging cluster in the overall county."Balmert said the future looks brights for San Diego's military growth. He said in the next five years we will double the amount of submarines at Point Loma and add another aircraft carrier to our home port. San Diego has two carriers that home port here, and one is currently ported. The USS Abraham Lincoln is coming back and will dock by the end of the year. 2233