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BEIJING, Oct. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archeologists have found evidence indicating that the mysterious ancient city of Loulan (Kroraina) once had highly-developed agricultural systems.Scientists from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted remote sensing procedures, field investigations and sample testing in the area and found that there were once large tracts of farmlands in Loulan.The farmland featured regular and straight circumferences stretching for 200 to 1,000 meters as well as irrigation ditches running throughout, said Qin Xiaoguang, a member of the research team.Moreover, researchers found grain particles in the area's ground surface, which are very likely to be remains of crop plants, Qin said.These findings show that irrigation farming had been practiced in Loulan for at least 100 years, Qin said.Qin said they also found canal remains measuring 10 to 20 meters wide and 1.6 meters deep in the Loulan relics, indicating that the city, which is suspected of perishing in drought, was once rich in water resources.The ancient city was a pivotal stop along the famous Silk Road, but mysteriously disappeared around the third century AD.Previous historical records suggested that Loulan's economy was sustained by widespread agricultural activity, but no remains or other evidence had been found before the most recent discoveries.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Canada have discovered a new function for an enzyme that may protect against organ injury and death from anemia, according to a study appearing Monday in the U.S. journal of the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers found that when people have anemia, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) -- an enzyme in nerve cells that produces nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in the body -- increases the body's ability to respond, adapt to low oxygen levels and makes the body more efficient in delivering oxygen to tissues. They also found that levels of nNOS in the brain increased in anemic mice, and that the mice without this enzyme die earlier, and with higher hemoglobin levels."Identifying this mechanism may lead to new therapies and approaches to improving outcomes for anemic patients," said Dr. Greg Hare, a researcher at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of the hospital and one of the lead investigators of the study.Anemia occurs when blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin -- an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs and heart to the rest of the body. Cells need oxygen to survive and to produce energy for all bodily functions. The condition has many different causes including infection (malaria, HIV, parasites), nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12), genetic mutations, pregnancy, trauma and surgical blood loss."This research will help us identify when an anemic patient is at greatest risk for injury and death when undergoing surgery," said Hare. "Research is underway to test these findings in humans."

BEIJING, Oct. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- China's small businesses turned to be the first to ring the alarm as the country is walking a fine line between fighting inflation and maintaining growth.Some entrepreneurs have disappeared and others have jumped off buildings almost every week since April in Wenzhou City, an entrepreneurial capital in eastern China's Zhejiang province, Xinhua reported.The sudden disappearance of the business owners has revealed a surprisingly gloomy picture for the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China.RUNAWAY BOSSESAccording to a Xinhua investigation, at least 80 cash-strapped businesspeople in Wenzhou have skipped town or declared bankruptcy to invalidate more than 10 billion yuan (1.6 billion U.S. dollars) in debt.Just last month, two local entrepreneurs in Wenzhou killed themselves by jumping off the buildings and another broke his leg in a similar suicide attempt.The tragedies in Wenzhou are extreme cases of private SMEs struggling to survive a liquidity crunch amid the country's macro control policies set to curb inflation and cool down the over-heated property market.In Wenzhou, one-fifth of the 360,000 small and mid-sized businesses have stopped operating due to cash shortages, according to the city's council for small and medium-sized enterprises.Of the 855 companies surveyed by the Wenzhou Economic and Information Commission, more than 76 percent said they are almost out of money and are struggling to continue production.But many cash-strapped firms are unable to borrow money from banks, and some have turned to China's underground lending market to pool money from individuals and firms.The steep rates of the informal loans pushed some businesses to the brink of collapse.

SHANGHAI, Jan. 11 (Xinhua) -- The listed arm of China's biggest train maker, China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation (CSR), has been allowed by regulatory authorities to raise 9 billion yuan (1.41 billion U.S. dollars) on the stock market, the company said Wednesday.The Hong Kong- and Shanghai- listed CSR Corp. Ltd. will sell 1.96 billion shares at 4.46 yuan apiece to select investors, it said. But CSR's parent -- state-owned CSR Group -- has agreed to buy no less than 6 billion yuan's worth of the shares, leaving the rest to institutional investors.CSR's net profit growth in the third quarter of 2011 plunged to 9.66 percent year-on-year from a high of 85.08 percent in the first half of 2011 as the country put the brakes on development of the railway sector after a deadly bullet train crash on July 23 that killed 40 people and injured 210 others.The decision to slow the development of high-speed rail lines has led to halts in construction of about 90 percent of ongoing railway projects, or 10,000 km of rail lines across the country, local media reported earlier.CSR is the maker of the bullet trains involved in last July's deadly collision. After the accident, the company's executives bought a combined 540,000 share in August, a move seen as an attempt to bolster battered stock prices.Analysts say the fundraising would help CSR greatly ease its financial burdens. The company earlier pledged to maintain profit growth and its dividend policy to boost investors' confidence.

OTTAWA, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Many friends and colleagues of Canadian scientist Ralph Steinman reacted with shock when they learned on Monday that Steinman won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology three days after he died.Since 1974, Nobel Prizes are no longer awarded posthumously, but the Nobel Prize committee said that it had made its choice before Steinman's death.Many of Steinman's friends and colleagues said that they learned of Steinman's death at the same time that they learned of his Nobel Prize, which was awarded for a discovery Steinman made in 1973.Steinman, 68, discovered dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, which purges invading microorganisms from the body. Dendritic cells activate T cells, which "remember" the DNA sequence of invading organisms and protect the body from later infections from the same disease."Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.Monday, the Nobel Committee defended its decision to award the prize to Steinman. "The decision to award the Nobel Prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel Laureate was alive," the foundation said in a statement."The Nobel Foundation thus believes that what has occurred is more reminiscent of the example in the statutes concerning a person who has been named as a Nobel Laureate and has died before the actual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony."It is still unclear who will pick up Steinman's prize at the award ceremony later this year.Steinman, a cell biologist at Rockefeller University in New York City, died of pancreatic cancer on Friday. For more than four years, he had used his own immune therapy discoveries to extend his life."The news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago," Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said in a statement."We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," Steinman's daughter, Alexis, said in the statement. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored."Steinman's heirs will share the 1.5-million U.S. dollar prize with American genetics professor Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann.Dr. Beutler is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Dr. Hoffmann headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007 and 2008."Ralph worked right up until last week," said Michel Nussenzweig, a collaborator of Steinman's at Rockefeller University. "His dream was to use his discovery to cure cancer and infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. It's a dream that's pretty close."Steinman was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada's second largest city, and studied chemistry and biology at McGill University in his hometown before receiving an MD from Harvard Medical School in Boston in 1968. He joined Rockefeller University in 1970 as a postdoctoral fellow."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.In a statement, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper lauded the three winners of the Nobel for medicine and called the award " a fitting final tribute" to Steinman's life's work."Dr. Steinman shall be honored for all time with this achievement," Harper said. "Canadians will mourn his loss."