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BEIJING - The world's most populous nation began its week-long Lunar New Year holiday on Wednesday, but hundreds of thousands of people will probably spend the biggest festival of the year in the cold and dark.Currently, more than 3,000 people, including electricians, soldiers and armed police are struggling to repair power lines damaged by prolonged snow, rain and sleet to restore the power supply for Chenzhou, a city of about 4 million in central China's Hunan Province, which started its 12th day of power blackouts and water cuts on Wednesday.Staff workers of Hunan Grid repair the collapsed high-voltage power transmission tower in Changsha, capital of South China's Hunan Province, Feb. 3, 2008. [Xinhua] Wednesday marks the eve of Lunar New Year, known as Spring Festival, the most important festival for family gatherings in China with a population of 1.3 billion."Parts of the power lines have been recovered, and power supply will restore gradually for citizens in Chenzhou starting today," said Huang Qiang, vice general manager of the Hunan Electric Power Company under the State Grid Corporation of China.But power service is not expected to be resumed by 6:00 p.m. Wednesday, in eight counties, including Guiyang, Jiahe in Hunan Province, Zixi, Lichuan, Yihuang and Le'an in Jiangxi Province, Pingtang in Guizhou Province and Ziyuan in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the disaster relief and emergency command center under the State Council, China's cabinet, said in a statement late Tuesday.Freak winter weather featuring prolonged snow, rain and sleet since mid-January in China's eastern, central and southern regions has downed power lines, covered roads with thick ice, brought trains, buses and planes to standstill and stranded millions of people.The snow havoc, the worst in five decades, and even in a century in few areas, has led to deaths, structural collapses, blackouts, accidents, transport problems and livestock and crop losses in 19 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, according to the Ministry of Civil Affairs.More than 100 million people have been affected, and at least 60 people have died in the freezing weather.

At least two Chinese universities could achieve "world-class" status within the next 20 years, the president of one of the United States' oldest higher education institutions said yesterday in Beijing. Yale University's Richard Levin made the comment at the start of a 10-day visit by about 100 Yale faculty, students and administrators, the biggest delegation from the university ever to visit China. President Hu Jintao, who extended the invitation to the Ivy League university during his 2006 visit to the US, met the delegation last night at the Great Hall of the People. Hu said the visit of Levin's delegation will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples, as well as the stable and healthy development of Sino-US relations. The president expressed his hope that Yale University students build strong relationships with the young people of China. In an interview with Chinese media, Levin said the country had made great progress in strengthening its top universities, by investing more in first-class facilities including research labs. "The key ingredients to being a world-class university are top students and top faculties," Levin said. "I don't think there is any doubt that China's top universities today have students that are as good as any in the world. "What remains to be built are faculties that are at the very frontier of research in their fields and worldwide leaders in their research endeavors." The delegation will spend its days meeting government leaders and visiting universities and other historical and cultural sites in Beijing, Shanghai and Xi'an. The Chinese government and Yale are sharing the cost of the trip. Participating students and faculty, the majority of whom had never before been to China, were handpicked to represent the university's different schools. Delegation groups will today meet with government leaders, including Yang Jiechi, the minister of foreign affairs and Jiang Zhenghua, chairman of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party. The visiting students may even bridge some cultural divides. "I think that young people can play a very important role in securing a peaceful future for the US and China," Levin said. "Today, especially among the older generation, there is a great deal of ignorance about China in the United States, and some ignorance about the United States in China as well." Before leaving for China, some of the delegation met with US President George W. Bush, who spoke about the importance of "people-to-people diplomacy". "I think the trip will serve a cultural purpose in that our students will get a deeper understanding of Chinese culture to the extent that this throws into public view the importance of student-to-student exchanges," Levin said. "And that certainly serves a political purpose."

CHANGSHA -- Chinese media have blasted an attempt by a Chinese city in Hunan province to set a world record for the longest string of firecrackers, labeling it "ridiculous" and a waste of money.A 20-km string of firecrackers, stretching from Dayao Town to the downtown area of Liuyang City, home to China's largest firecracker production base, went up in smoke on Friday afternoon, exploding for 68 minutes and littering the ground with red debris, as organizers sought to gain publicity for the city and its local fireworks industry.The event, organized by several firecracker plants and partly sponsored by the local government, cost more than 800,000 yuan (about US7,000), including 580,000 yuan for the firecrackers themselves and the remainder to stage the event and ensure the fire service was on standby."The production of firecrackers is one of the city's main industries. We hope the success of making the longest firecracker will increase the confidence of the producers and make our city well-known across the country," said Xu Qiangguo, head of the Liuyang Firecrackers Bureau.But the event, billed by local media as a Guinness World Record attempt, was not attended by an official Guinness World Records representative after it ignored a request from the organizers to attend.Instead, a representative from the unofficial Shanghai Great World Guinness Book of Records turned up to present them with a certificate bestowing upon the city the honour of having only "the country's longest string of firecrackers"."I can only ensure you that it's the longest firecracker in China and I dare not say it's the world's longest," said the Shanghai office's representative Wang Yizhuo."Firecrackers were traditionally used to ward off evils but burning crackers is more of a token of celebrations and festivals nowadays. I think this longest string of crackers reflect the happy and peaceful life of the people," he said.A flood of opinion pieces from newspapers around the country waded in with their assessments."Such a record is ridiculous, just like to sharpen the two ends of a tree and apply for the record of the longest toothpick," a journalist with the Jinan Times said.The Beijing Times said, "Unless the firecrackers are supposed to be part of a cinematic scene of raging war, what benefits would accrue from setting off 20 kilometers of fireworks?"The newspaper went on to bemoan the country's lack of creativity. "We are no less than a manufacturing base for the world. We may continue to set records in a similar manner, but that will not add a jot to our overall competitiveness," the article said.The Liuyang authorities also came under fire from a writer from the Guangzhou Daily, who called the event a "real burden for the local economy"."It's high time to call off applications for the professed 'longest' or 'most' records, such as 10,000 people eating hotpot and 10,000 people washing their feet together. They lack social significance as well as scientific and technical skills," he wrote."Some local governments like to spend a fortune creating a record in order to attract attention. But after the sensation only some meaningless numbers are left."But the man behind the spectacle Xu Qiangguo remained defiant and said he was considering applying for the official world record next year."I don't think it's a waste of money because we have got what we wanted: extensive media coverage and more orders," he said. "If you call that too luxurious, how about the existence of so many five-star hotels? They are even more luxurious."Several onlookers in Liuyang agreed. "The firecracker industry is the pillar industry of the city and making such a long one will promote our firecrackers' fame and maybe even make them world renowned," one said.Meanwhile the controversy surrounding the legitimacy of the Shanghai Great World Guinness Book of Records, which was established in 1992 and comes under the authority of the Shanghai branch of the Communist Party Youth League, continues.Guinness' official branch in China is Liaoning Education Press, based in the northeastern province of the same name.According to an article on the website of Liaoning Education Press, it has been the real Guinness Book of Records representative in China since Shanghai Great World Guinness and the Guinness Book of Records split in 1996.In 2003, a Hebei businessman from Beijing sued the Shanghai office after paying them a 1,800-yuan registration fee so he could set a world record for the first bungee jump from a moving aircraft, believing the organization to be affiliated to the Guinness publishers.After completing the jump from a helicopter 80 meters above ground, He later read in a Beijing newspaper that the Shanghai Guinness office was not an authorized agent of the Guinness Book of World Records and had been misleading the public. He also discovered that a German man had jumped 1,100 meters from a helicopter in 1997.

As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. A migrant worker walks past a row of new property buildings in Beijing April 4, 2007. As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. [Reuters]The policy requires migrants to get temporary permits, or the much harder to obtain hukou, once they move to the city. These days, a growing number of those who relocate to find better jobs in Beijing tend to stay longer or even resettle with their entire families, according to a study by the Renmin University of China. The investigation revealed that this "floating population" in Beijing, currently at 3.57 million, stays an average of 4.8 years in the city. In addition, over 51 percent of those remain for more than five years while over 41 percent bring the whole family. "It is getting trendier for them to come and reside with the whole family," said Zhai Zhenwu, dean of the School of Social and Population Science. Representing 23 percent of local residents, most migrants live in the nearby suburban areas and villages within downtown. The thriving low-skilled labor market in Beijing has been a major source of jobs for unskilled migrants. Zhai said the most basic jobs in the city offer higher wages that far exceed what migrants would have earned in rural areas. But city life also means a poor quality of life and inadequate social services. For example, statistics show that the urban per capita disposable income in Beijing is five times more than the average in rural areas of neighboring Hebei Province and 6.7 times more than that in Anhui Province. China's hukou system, established in the 1950s, divided the Chinese into two categories: rural and non-rural households. The policy was established to control population migration, largely from rural to urban areas. Under the policy, rural people are not granted social security in cities and are restricted from receiving public services such as education, medical care, housing and employment. On the other hand, their urban compatriots have no access to farmland in the countryside. For years, non-rural residency, especially in cities like Beijing and Shanghai, has been a difficult goal for outsiders, particularly rural migrant workers. According to Zhang Chewei, vice-president of the Research Institute of Population Science at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, the system needs work. He referred to the "unfair treatment in social recourses and justice, also it hinders market development in both rural and urban areas." For example, each migrant worker must fork over 20,000 to 30,000 yuan (,597 to ,896) for a child to enrol in a local primary or middle school. And they're often turned down if they try to buy affordable homes in urban areas. It is estimated that more than 120 million rural workers live in cities throughout China. "Hukou has played a significant role as basic data provider and identification registration in certain historical periods, but it has become neither scientific nor rational," Zhang said. Reform of the hukou system began in 1992, but the policy remains complicated and unfair for many. Last month, the Ministry of Public Security said the country will reform the system, but did not offer any details. Yu Lingyun, a professor with the Law School of Tsinghua University, called for the system to be abolished. "It is not hukou that has robbed the social welfare of the 'floating population,' but the discriminating system itself, and most fundamentally the limited public finance," Yu told China Daily yesterday. "If not for the hukou system, schools can find other reasons to decline a rural student," he said. "Under current conditions, at least we should not bear any prejudice against them," he said.  

Four-yuan Scheme What can a part-time Chinese employee of McDonald's afford by his hourly pay? Only two small ice creams, which are valued at four yuan (US50cents). A McDonald's outlet. [File]American fast-food giants McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) are being bombarded for their work contracts which offer their part-time Chinese employees just four yuan per hour, well under the state requirement, state media reported. An employee is entitled to no less than 4.3 yuan per work hour, said a rule released by the Guangzhou city government last November. The hourly pay averages 7.5 yuan in the city. An unnamed source in Guangzhou told the New Express newspaper that the contract violated the legal rights of employees. "Once administrative departments discover acts of violations, officials will order these enterprises to revamp and compensate the employers for their losses," the source told the Guangzhou-based paper. "If the problem is so grave that a punishment will be handed out," the source said without giving details. The source also cast doubts on the probation system implemented by the fast-food giants. "Part-time employees don't need to undergo a one-month probation period." McDonald's and KFC have nearly 3,000 outlets all over China and a work force of nearly 200,000, according to a state media report. Zhu Yongping, a Guangzhou lawyer, has begun to move for the rights of employees. He told the paper that the work contracts have 'seriously violated' the legal rights of employees. A Lin, a McDonald's employee in Guangzhou, regarded McDonald's as a respectable foreign-funded enterprise before starting to work there. But the working experience has changed her mind. "I don't have enough rest. It seems that I was overly exploited." Cui Minghuan, Manager of KFC'S Guangdong market, refuted the claims of rights violations, saying the current rule of the minimum hourly rates of pay for the non-full-time employees implemented in the province is not applicable to the part-time employees working for KFC. "KFC does not breach relevant laws in China." Cui said these part-time employees are neither full-time workers nor non-full-time workers. "Their hourly rates of pay cannot be measured by the rule. An unnamed offical with the Provincial Department of Labor and Social Security said Cui's words are ridiculous. "So what kinds of workers they are on earth? " The official said the rule is applied to these part-time employees. Mcdonald said in a written statement that "it is always committed to relevant laws and regulations in China." Central Government Actions The report came just days after Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, in his work report to the congress in early March, called for more efforts to implement the minimum hourly wage system in a bid to protect the workers' rights. The minimum wage system aims to protect the rights of Chinese employees. For example, Bejing has set a minimum wage about 550 yuan per month, while the economic hub Shanghai has a minimum wage about 650 yuan. The central government has beefed up efforts to protect the rights of its huge crowd of employees to quell any likelihood of unrest and maintain social stability. China is planning to adopt an unemployment law that aims to build an unemployment benefit system. The draft law is aiming at promoting employment around the country. The law states that the government will implement new policies, such as boosting professional training and increasing financial investment in employment promotion. As discrimination turns rife in China, the draft law contains a clause on anti-discrimination in an effort to provide employment equality in the country. The clause states that discrimination against job seekers with respect to their background, ethnicity, gender, religious beliefs, age, or physical disability, will be prohibited. The government is also taking actions to set up trade unions in foreign-funded enterprises in China. Up to date, about 26 percent of China's 150,000 overseas-funded enterprises have established trade unions, with a total membership of 4.29 million, previous media report said. However, McDonald's and KFC have not set up unions so far.