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LAPLACE, La. – On a cool, overcast day, the sounds of an unfolding uprising pierced the quiet of a winding country road in rural Louisiana. “Freedom or death,” the crowd chants. “We want our freedom!” This is a reenactment of the largest slave rebellion ever seen in the U.S. In 1811, along the Mississippi River in Louisiana, hundreds of slaves gathered in the “German Coast Uprising.” They headed to New Orleans marching 26 miles towards the city, with huge goals. “They wanted to seize all of Orleans territory and set up an African republic in the new world. It would've been a sanctuary for Africans and people of African descent. It was the most radical vision of freedom in the history of this country,” said New York City artist Dread Scott, who organized the reenactment. Part community performance, part documented art project, the reenactors marched 26 miles on Friday and Saturday, retracing the rebellion’s steps and trying to bring attention to a part of history virtually unheard of – both back in 1811 and now. “Reenacting the slave rebellion has everything to do with excavating this history, so people know the history, but also people thinking about how we get free today,” Scott said. Jordan Rome came down from Chicago to participate in it. She is one the of reenactment’s trainers, teaching participants how to move, act and speak for the event. “I think people are really thirsty for that knowledge – for our history to present itself in a more nuanced way, not so black and white,” Rome said. Blake Gilpin is an associate professor of history at Tulane University. He’s taught his students about the German Coast Uprising, some of whom were initially unaware of it. “The German Coast Uprising is probably has a better claim to the most fully realized slave rebellion in American history – as in the one that came closest to succeeding,” he said. The uprising was eventually stopped – militias and law enforcement intercepted them before they reached New Orleans. The rebellion’s leaders were beheaded, with their heads placed on spikes, spread up and down the Mississippi River as a warning to other slaves. Gilpin said it’s a part of history getting a second look, along with the fight over whether to remove Confederate monuments across the South. New Orleans removed several in 2017. “I think it's that's the whole thing about these histories being kept very separate. You know the Confederacy has been sort of washed clean of the thing that it was actually fighting for, which was to keep enslaving human beings,” Gilpin said. “That trying to connect those things actually makes us understand everybody involved so much better.” It is a renewed look at the past in the present, as history marches on. “People are reexamining history and it's actually, you know, sort of a movement from below,” Scott said, “and that's a really good thing.”For more information on the slave rebellion reenactment, 2939

Once a week, Karelia Lanuza comes by Viola Zilio's apartment to help her with whatever she might need, whether it’s finishing a puzzle, helping with chores or reminding her to take her medications. The two will often run errands or go for walks. Often times, they’ll even stop at Zilio’s favorite café to get the traditional Cuban coffee. Lanuza isn’t a traditional caregiver. She more of a companion, according to Zilio. The pair met when Lanuza signed up to work for Papa, a new app and phone-based service for seniors. "Papa connects college students to older adults for companionship, assistance, and transportation,” says CEO and founder Andrew Parker. “It’s kind of like a grandkid on-demand." Parker thought pairing college students with seniors could fill a void he saw. “My grandfather, who we call papa, needed help but wasn't really ready for traditional healthcare services, and I thought it was weird there was nothing available before that,” Parker says. “So, I thought it would be interesting to connect him to college student, and he loved it.” Lanuza is a sophomore pre-med student, and she needed a job that fit with her busy class schedule. She passed the company's background and personality checks and got the gig. “I came over. I met Viola and we clicked instantly,” Lanuza says. “And from there, I’ve been coming every Tuesday to see her, and we hang out. It’s just like hanging out with a friend.” Zilio says Lanuza gives her someone to talk to. "Seeing her once a week is kind of like being like another grandmother to me,” Lanuza says.Currently in the Miami area, Papa costs around an hour. The service is only operating across Florida right now, but the company says they have plans to expand to several more cities nationwide soon. 1777

For Tammi Fitzgerald, being a flight attendant was an adventure. So much so, she thought she’d never want to retire from American Airlines. "I don't think there's a flight attendant out there that doesn't have a love affair with what they are doing," Fitzgerald says.But things took a turn after a strange incident in 2010. While on one flight, Fitzgerald says she smelled an unusual odor that made her sick. "My eyes were watering,” she describes. “I had a headache that was like on the front of my head, and it was just a bass drum and my nose started dripping." Fitzgerald compared the smell to the odor of moldy socks. Since then, Fitzgerald says she experienced several of what the airline industry calls "fume events.” "It's like kind of sticking and exhaust pipe out your car into your cabin and not doing anything about it," says Dr. Susan Michaelis, an aviation health and safety consultant. Michaelis, a former pilot, has a PHD in safety science. Some of her research on fume events has been published by the World Health Organization. Some experts say fume events happen because part of the air passengers breathe is pulled through the jet's engine. If it mixes with oils and chemicals and then goes into the cabin, they say it can make people sick. According to research done at Kansas State University, there are on average five fume events a day in the U.S. Judith Anderson with the Association of Flight Attendants worries it's a larger problem. "Because airlines are not required to report what are called fume events when they happen on the ground, that estimate of five or so per day is an underestimate of what's actually happening," Anderson says. Boeing disputes this, saying “cabin air is safe to breathe" and "exposure to trace levels of organophosphate contamination" is not harmful. "The initial symptoms can be flu-like symptoms, stomach cramping so you might think, ‘I’m coming down with something,’” Anderson says. “Many people report symptoms consistent with exposure to carbon monoxide gas, like headache, dizziness, fainting, disorientation, those sorts of symptoms." American Airlines told us they train crews to report fume events. Southwest says they use the modern Boeing 737, which has systems to keep the cabin safe. JetBlue didn't have an answer to our questions. Several airlines didn't respond at all. As for Fitzgerald, she says she had to take leave from her job because of fume events, and she eventually retired. Medical records show she was suffering from inhalation irritation. Fitzgerald says she’s still dealing with health issues and wants others to be aware. 2622

BURLINGTON, Vt. – Almost every morning for the last 35 years, a 21-car-train pulls into Burlington, Vermont, with roughly 1,500 tons of wood chips that help power the city. Wood burning represents 30% of Burlington’s power grid, and 20% comes from solar panels and wind turbines. In 2014, when Burlington opened a hydro plant, that took over the remaining 50% of the city’s power grid and marked a historic moment – Burlington was now the first city in the U.S. to run 100% on renewable energy. “We had our challenges at the beginning,” said David MacDonnell. “There were a lot of growing pains that we went through.” MacDonnell knows firsthand about the path to the city’s energy milestone. He moved to Burlington in 1983 and began working for the city’s electric company, Burlington Electric Department, in 1984. MacDonnell started as an operator at B.E.D.’s McNeil Generating Station. “When I came, the plant was still in construction,” said MacDonnell. At McNeil’s, at that time, Burlington Electric was just starting to experiment with wood as a possible energy source. “It was very groundbreaking stuff at the time,” MacDonnell added. The idea stemmed from the company looking for a more cost-effective energy source, and wood proved to be that. But over the years, the company and the community realized there were added benefits. “The fuel budget last year was million and if you think about it, we get our fuel with in a 60-mile radius of this plant. We keep a lot of money local for the community. You know the mom and pop stores, loggers, and truckers. That really supports the whole area,” MacDonnell explained. With wood as the first renewable energy source, Burlington has also been less affected by the volatile fossil fuel industry so customer rates have been stable for more than a decade. “Burlington Electric has successful achieved the 100% renewable energy goal without raising rates for over a decade now, so we prove it is possible to maintain rates,” said Paul Pikna, a senior generation engineer at Burlington Electric. “One could even argue, if you count inflation, we’ve decreased rates over the decade.” But perhaps the biggest benefit in the successful application of wood as an energy source, is that it started the energy revolution in Burlington and now, in an era of concern about climate change, many point to Burlington’s energy grid as a model for other cities to consider. “It’s very satisfying for me to know that I worked at a place for my whole career that really amounted to something that I consider a very positive for Vermont, the country, the world,” said MacDonnell. After three decades with Burlington electric and helping it pave the way for renewable energy, MacDonnell is preparing to retire. He leaves feeling like he made more than money in his career, he made a difference. “You have a sense of pride knowing that you are doing something that is a difference. I have kids and grandkids and we want to make sure we leave this planet in good shape for them.” Burlington hit the historic milestone running 100% on renewable energy five years ago, and now at least four other cities have hit that milestone too. Those cities are Aspen, Colorado; Greensburg, Kansas; Kodiak, Alaska; and Rock Port, Missouri. Within the next decade, a dozen states are hoping to get there, states like Minnesota, Massachusetts, and even California. However, while other cities and states are trying to catch up to Burlington, it’s moving forward with the next step that is a more ambitious energy goal. Burlington wants to be the first net zero energy city in the country. Essentially, the city wants the total amount of energy it consumes to be equal to the total amount of renewable energy it creates. “About a month ago we rolled out a roadmap to go from where we are today to net zero across the thermal ground transportation electric sectors by 2030,” said Burlington’s Mayor Miro Weinberger. “The exciting thing about the roadmap is that we can get there with technology that is available today and are largely cost effective today.” The move forward, for Burlington, is not about energy bragging rights, but about data suggesting this move is critical. “All the climate models suggest we need to make substantial progress by 2030 and much more dramatic progress by 2050,” added Weinberger. 4376

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