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BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Tobacco companies concealed the knowledge of radioactive substance in cigarettes from public for over four decades, a new study revealed.The revelation was made by a research team from the University of California, Los Angeles, published on Thursday in the online edition of the U.S. medical journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.The researchers analyzed 27 timeworn documents and discovered that tobacco companies had knew the existence of polonium-210, a hazardous radioactive substance, in the tobacco since 1959.The companies studied polonium-210 throughout the 1960s, and concealed their findings about the carcinogenic potential of the radioactive substance.Hrayr Karagueuzian, the study's lead author, said the tobacco companies' deception surprised him.According to the revelation, the companies had knew the "cancerous growths" in the lungs of smokers, and even calculated how much radiation a regular smoker would inhale over 20 years.Karagueuzian and his team conducted again the study recorded in the tobacco documents and found that the radiation in cigarettes would cause up to 138 deaths for every 1,000 smokers over a period of 25 years.However, tobacco manufacturer denied that they had concealed the facts from the public.David Sutton, spokesman of Philip Morris, the largest U.S. tobacco company, said the polonium-210 was a "naturally occurring element in the air" and had been widely discussed by the public health community for years.

HONG KONG, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- Computer and electronic device maker Lenovo, listed in both Hong Kong and New York, has replaced Dell to become the world's second largest personal computer company, Lenovo said Thursday.Lenovo made the remarks in a statement, citing figures released by International Data Corporation (IDC), a global provider of business intelligence for the consumer technology market.Following five quarters as the fastest-growing PC maker among the world's top vendors, the preliminary IDC data reported that Lenovo has achieved record market share of around 13.7 percent and record quarterly shipment volume of some 12.6 million units.Lenovo CEO Yang Yuanqing said his company had surpassed two competitors to capture the No. 2 spot in worldwide PCs in just two quarters and it was the highest rank that Lenovo has achieved in worldwide PC sales.Given current competitive environment, the new achievement positioned Lenovo as a strong challenger to ultimately become the global market leader, Yang said in the statement."We are growing in the enterprise and the consumer space. And our customers know we are fully committed to the PC market for the long term," he said.At the same time, the Chinese multinational would continue investing in innovative products that would help drive the convergence of technologies and services across all four screens -- smart phones, tablets, PCs and smart TV, Yang said."We must deliver a great user experience across all platforms to achieve our goal and become the leading personal technology company in the world."Lenovo is a personal technology company and a global Fortune 500 company with annual sales worth 21 billion U.S. dollars. It serves customers in more than 160 countries and regions.

SUVA, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- There are 60 typhoid cases in Nanoko, with 29 already hospitalized, according to Fiji's Health Ministry.Senior Health Inspector Paula Laqere said Sunday that the increas means that people are not practicing proper hygiene standards. Laqere said most of the communities in Fiji have a really low level of good hygiene practices.The other problem is that some communities in Fiji have very poor sources of clean and safe water and this is what Fijian guests need to be cautious of."Typhoid is basically spread through contaminated water and our hygiene practices. It's an indicator that the sanitation level of any community is really low."A 30 day public health emergency is in place for the village, effective from Dec. 12 to Jan. 12.Recently, Fiji recorded rates of high typhoid fever in the world, said WHO South Pacific Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Team leader doctor Jacob Kool.Kool said typhoid fever was difficult to diagnose and could be fatal in 10-20 percent of untreated patients.Recent studies showed that infants are commonly affected and are extremely vulnerable to the disease. Outbreaks occur regularly in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation including urban slums, he said.Kool said the only reliable symptom was prolonged fever and blood and stool culture are still the best available diagnostic tests but have a high rate of false negative results. He said therefore suspected typhoid cases should be treated regardless of the result of lab tests and ciprofloxacin was the recommended therapy for all age groups.Last year AusAID, WHO and UNICEF launched a typhoid fever vaccination campaign in Fiji.

CANBERRA, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- Prisoners and health experts on Saturday told national broadcasting network ABC News that they are concerned of a looming HIV epidemic in Australia's prisons.The warning came following a test report undertaken in August showed that 40 percent of inmates at a correctional center in Canberra of Australia tested positive to Hepatitis C.According to the head of the Alcohol and Drug Service based at St Vincent's Hospital in Sydney, Alex Wodak, roughly 25 percent of Australia's prison population are injecting drugs, and he is concerned about the risk of an HIV explosion in Australia originating in prisons."Were Australia to have an epidemic of HIV beginning among people who inject drugs, it is almost certain that it would begin in one of our prisons. So we are very exposed to this risk," he told ABC News on Saturday.The Australia Capital Territory state government has proposed a trial prison needle exchange program in Canberra's correctional center, and Paul Cubitt, who currently works at the Alexander Maconochie Center in Canberra, said he has never seen so many syringes in a jail."Under a controlled regime it will actually take those needles that currently exist within a correctional center out of the environment, and prisoners will be more willing to use a clean item under a level of anonymity which then protects them and protects staff," he said.Meanwhile, The Community and Public Sector Union 's national secretary, Nadine Flood, agrees action must be taken to curb prisoner drug use.Dr Wodak noted that prison needle exchange programs have been operating overseas for over a decade with ten countries provide inmates with clean needles, and said it is shameful Australian prisons are lagging behind.

BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- China's space dream took a step closer to reality as the Tiangong-1 module blasted off into the night sky on Thursday from the Gobi Desert.The Long March II-F T1 rocket, under the unmanned module, Tiangong-1, lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9:16 pm as planned.Ten minutes later Tiangong-1 separated from the rocket on its way to orbit, 350 kilometers above Earth. The module deployed its two solar panels, which provide power, at 9:28 pm.At 9:39 pm, Chang Wanquan, chief commander of the manned space program, declared the launch a success as cheers and applause echoed around the command and control center in Beijing.President Hu Jintao and other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee went to the center to witness the launch.Premier Wen Jiabao watched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center as the Long March rocket, carrying the space lab, blazed into the night sky.The launch paves the way for China's first rendezvous and docking mission. An unmanned Shenzhou VIII spaceship will be launched in November to dock with Tiangong-1.Two more missions are scheduled for next year and astronauts will board Tiangong-1, which can also function as a space lab.If the mission succeeds, China will become the third country to master spacecraft rendezvous and docking technology following the then Soviet Union and the United States, experts said.Wu Ping, the space program's spokeswoman, said that the ability to rendezvous and dock is vital for building a space station, which China has scheduled for around 2020."A space station cannot be launched in one shot. The modules must be launched separately and then assembled in space," she said.China has invested 35 billion yuan (.47 billion) in total on its manned space program since 1992, when it was approved, she told China Daily.The first phase, from 1992 to 2005, accounted for 20 billion yuan. During this period, China launched six Shenzhou spaceships to set up a system transporting astronauts between Earth and space.In the second phase, from 2005, 15 billion yuan has been spent on projects, including Shenzhou VII and the first rendezvous and docking mission, she explained.Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program, said that the space lab and future space station provide a rare platform for conducting experiments that could lead to breakthroughs in the study of materials and biological pharmacy."Experiments made in the microgravity of space can lead to unexpected results," he said.For example, gas and liquid are unable to mix on Earth, but in space they mix naturally, he said."The primary purpose of China's manned space station is to peacefully explore space, and through it, serve mankind," he said.Some have questioned the participation of the military in the program. However, the military has experience in coordinating large-scale requirements that are vital for the program and their involvement reflects international norms, Ministry of National Defense spokesman Geng Yansheng said on Wednesday.He reiterated that China is firmly opposed to the weaponization of space and the program is peaceful.China is now in the second phase of its manned space program. The goal of the program, which has three steps, is to build a 60-ton space station around 2020.The second phase focuses on mastering four key technologies for assembling a space station.The first of these, extravehicular activity, was completed successfully in 2008 after Shenzhou VII was launched.Rendezvous and docking is what is being experimented with. The third technology involves cargo spaceships ferrying supplies to a space lab. The fourth tackles problems concerning the prolonged sustaining of life on a space lab, especially recycling air and water.Besides the manned space program, China launched two lunar orbiters in 2007 and 2010. It plans an unmanned lunar landing around 2013, and returning moon samples in 2017.