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HANOI, Oct. 25 (Xinhua) -- The hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and dengue were on the rise across Vietnam, reported the Vietnam Preventive Medicine Administration (PMA) on Tuesday.As of Oct. 23, the country had more than 76,120 HFMD patients and 135 fatalities. The number of incidents has increased significantly over the last few weeks, with an average of 2,000-2, 500 new cases reported each week.Southern Ho Chi Minh City and Binh Duong, Long An and Quang Ngai were the most-hit localities, said the report.Meanwhile, dengue was also reported on the rise. In the first ten months of the year, there were more than 41,200 infected cases and 32 fatalities. Currently, an average of 2-3 cases a day were hospitalized by dengue infections, mainly from capital Hanoi.Epidemiologists said that the increase of HFMD and dengue was due to the lack of specialized medicine and preventive vaccines. In addition, complicated climate change, environment pollution and low awareness of the disease among the community have contributed to the spread of the diseases nationwide.
YAGNON, Oct. 23 (Xinhua) -- Myanmar has launched anti-dengue high fever campaign in seven townships in Yangon simultaneously as a prevention measure against the disease, according to the Health Department Sunday.The campaign was carried out in the weekend in collaboration with health department staff and members of social organizations.Dengue preventive and control measures were occasionally launched in schools and wards in Myanmar with the aid of World Health Organization, U.N. Children Fund, three Disease Fund, Global Fund and Japan International Cooperation Agency.According to statistics, a total of 181 people died of dengue fever in Myanmar's Yangon region in the past five years alone, out of 19,000 such cases occurring in the region during the half decade.According to earlier report, the number of people infected with dengue fever in the whole country in 2009 amounted to 3,129 with 37 deaths registered.However, according to the Yangon City Development Committee, the city saw less dengue fever occurrence in 2010 with death rate reducing to one percent in the year from over six percent in 1970.Meanwhile, the Myanmar health authorities are stepping up preventive measures against dengue fever in this sensitive rainy season by extending injection to people.The authorities are also introducing medicine with better effect, combating larva, giving education talks on the prevention and control especially in markets.Dengue fever mostly infected under-15 children, especially those between three and nine years old, but now such disease had also been found among some adult people, the authorities said, warning that dengue fever occurs regardless of age and season.Myanmar, along with Indonesia and Thailand, suffers dengue outbreak most in Southeast Asia region that makes up 52 percent of the dengue-prone areas in the world.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.
BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.
BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- The State Council, or China's cabinet, has decided to create a food allowance for about 26 million needy students nationwide, according to a statement issued on Wednesday.Each student will receive an average of three yuan (47 cents) daily from the central budget, said a statement issued after a State Council meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.The policy will be implemented on a trial basis in 680 less-developed counties, the statement said.Authorities will have to allocate a total of 16 billion yuan annually from the central budget to meet the policy's requirements, it said.The money will be given to schools instead of directly to the students' families, allowing the schools to provide more and better food in their canteens, the statement said.Efforts will be made to build better canteens in rural primary and middle schools, the statement said.The statement added that daily allowances for needy students at primary boarding schools will also be increased from three to four yuan, while those for students at middle boarding schools will rise from four to five yuan.
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