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BEIJING, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) -- After several similar criminal cases led to greatly varying punishments triggering public concerns, Chinese courts are adopting a series of measures to ensure uniform standards for sentencing criminals.On Oct. 1, two documents that instruct judges on uniform procedures for sentence measurements will be put into use in all Chinese courts, which is said to be a "major reform" for the country's legal system regarding criminal prosecution.According to the new procedures, courts should first set up a penalty baseline for a criminal case based upon basic criminal facts. Then additional punishments will be added according to the amount of money involved, the frequency of the defendants' violations, the consequences and other factors. At last, courts will adjust the results considering the case's overall nature and issue a final sentence.The move came after a series of similar drunk driving cases that led to greatly varying punishments.In July 2009, the Intermediate People's Court of Chengdu in southwestern Sichuan Province sentenced a drunk driver named Sun Weiming to death following an auto accident in which he was driving without a license and killed four people. In the second trial, the verdict was changed to life imprisonment.Sun's case was deemed as a crime against public security.However, one month later another drunk driver in central China's Henan Province only received a jail term of six years and six months for killing six and injuring seven people.That case was ruled to be a traffic accident crime."(The reform) is of significant importance for regulating judicial actions, providing uniform standards for law applications, promoting righteous and uncorrupted justice and boosting the authority and credibility of the country's courts," said Wang Shengjun, president of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), at a Thursday meeting."The Criminal Law only lays down a very wide range of sentences for certain types of crimes, and thus it is very difficult for prosecutors to give a specific sentence based on that," said SPC vice president Xiong Xuanguo in an exclusive interview with Xinhua Thursday.Xiong noted that different judges, given their different knowledge, manners and experience, will also have varied views on the same case.According to the documents, another major change is to introduce advice on sentence measurements from procuratorate organs, including the types and scopes of punishments and how to implement them.Also, courts are allowed to organize public prosecutors, parties involved, their defenders and legal representatives to offer their own advice on sentencing measurements.With the introduction of sentencing measurement advice from defenders, legal representatives and other parties involved, the new rules were expected to balance judges' considerable powers of discretion, said Professor Chen Weidong with the Renmin University of China.According to the SPC, since June last year more than 120 pilot Chinese courts have already been following the new procedures when prosecuting 45,000 criminal cases in 15 regular categories, including traffic accidents, robbery, theft, and drugs, among others.The trial practice has seen positive results as sentences among cases of similar natures and those in different regions were not as varied as before.The rate of appeals and change of sentences in second trials also dropped in these courts, according to Xiong.Meanwhile, Xiong sought to assure those concerned that the new rules would not excessively limit judges' powers as "the standards for sentence measurements, themselves, were made based on all prosecutors' discretion." < "If the measurement results are not appropriate, judges will still have the right to make certain adjustments," Xiong said, adding that local courts will also set down detailed sentence measures according to the characteristics of their regions."The reform is an inevitable process for China's criminal prosecution to transform from rough estimation to precise, scientific and canonical," Professor Chen said.

BEIJING, Oct. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang Friday called for greater efforts to transform China from a country with a large population into one rich in human resources."It is the 'key' to building a moderately well-off society in all respects and for modernization," said Zhang at the opening ceremony of a forum on human resource development in Beijing.He said China must uphold the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent and creation, and continue the strategy of building a stronger country by developing human resources.The forum was organized by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security as some 570 people from the government, higher-learning institutions and business attended the event.

BEIJING, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- When the 18 farmers in east China's Anhui Province, their bellies rumbling, stamped red fingerprints on the land-contracting agreement three decades ago, they never expected they might be making history."We had no other choice," said 70-year-old Yan Lixue. Prior to World Food Day this Saturday, he recalled the bitterness and successes from those past days.The elderly man used to be head of the production team at Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County.At that time, Fengyang was dubbed the "hometown of beggars", and was infamous for its poverty. It was the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor (1368-98) of the Ming Dynasty. Ironically, Zhu, started as an insurrectionary army leader, though he used to be a beggar, too. The local opera in Fengyang was said to be sung for begging, at the beginning.With stubble on his square chin, Yan said his only memory of those days was hunger."At that time, we ate from the 'big cooking pot'," he recalled. The "big cooking pot" referred to the public kitchen. Establishment of the Peoples' Commune was made official state policy in 1958. In the Commune, everything was shared and people were encouraged to eat in the commune's kitchen. Private cooking was then banned and replaced by communal dining.But the food from the "big cooking pot" was not enough. In Yan's memory, the days were horrible when there were fewer than 0.25 kilograms of grain per person."Sometimes people ate wild herbs or bark from the trees," he said.As a result, 67 people died of hunger during the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 when six out of over 30 households in Xiaogang disappeared. In Fengyang, 90,000 people, or one in four people, died."Sometimes you would see a person tumble and never stand up again," Yan said.The nightmare was shared by another villager, Guan Youjiang."I had four children. When they cried with hunger, my heart ached," he recalled. In his home there were only pots and beds.Yan went out to beg in 1976. At first he begged in nearby Huaiyuan County, and then roamed further to the richer Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.He then refused to lead the production team any more. "The young people mostly went out to beg and few were left to work on the field."In fact, they were not allowed to beg all year long. "We took turns going out. There had to be someone working for the village."Realizing that they could starve to death, Yan believed that they had nothing to lose, although "signing the land contracting agreement could mean severe penalties, like imprisonment or even execution," he said.

BEIJING, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping Thursday stressed the importance of nurturing cadres from ethnic minority groups to help in the government's drive to develop regions inhabited by ethnic minorities.Efforts should be made to cultivate outstanding cadres with political integrity and professional competence from ethnic minorities, Xi said at a symposium marking the 30th anniversary of the establishment of a training course for Tibetan cadres at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).The Party School of the CPC Central Committee initiated a training course for Tibetan cadres in Sept. 1980. Over the past three decades, more than 1,700 Tibetans have attended 42 sessions of the training course, becoming the backbone in promoting development, stability and ethnic unity in Tibet.Xi said Party schools should play a key role in training and nurturing cadres from ethnic minorities, who possess both political integrity and ability, particularly among young people and those who are from grass-roots levels.

BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Thursday that the government will keep housing price at a reasonable and stable level.Addressing a grand reception marking the 61th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wen said the nation will improve support for the elderly, medical care and other social security schemes, to allow all the citizens to benefit from China's economic growth.Present at the reception were Chinese President Hu Jintao and other senior Chinese leaders Wu Bangguo, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang, Zhou Yongkang and more than 1,000 Chinese and foreign personages.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao addresses the reception to celebrate the National Day at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 30, 2010. China's State Council (Cabinet) on Thursday held the reception to mark the 61st anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, which falls on Oct. 1.Premier Wen reiterated the country's adherence to the paths of scientific development, reform and opening-up, and peaceful development."China's development will neither harm anyone nor pose a threat to anyone," he said, adding that the argument that a strong country is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Wen said this year is the last year for implementing China's 11th five-year plan of economic and social development.He reviewed the country's "new historic changes" over the last five years, citing enhanced productivity and national strength, improvements in people's lives, and the country's increased international standing and influence."In the last two years in particular, we adopted timely and forceful measures to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis," said the premier."We have prevailed over numerous difficulties and become one of the first countries to achieve an economic rebound," he added.Saying the country is at a "new historical starting point," Wen said the coming five years will be crucial to China's effort to build a moderately prosperous society.He called for joint efforts with compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to promote long-term prosperity and stability in the two regions.The premier also vowed to join hands with compatriots in Taiwan to promote peaceful development across the Taiwan Strait and fulfill the peaceful reunification cause.