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NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- China's retailers will offer refund to recent buyers of iPad 1 as price dropped with the debut of iPad 2.Apple released the upgraded version of the tablet on March 3 and announced to lower the price tags of the first generation iPad 1 by up to 27.6 percent. Buyers of iPad 1 within the last two weeks are eligible for a price difference compensation, according to Apple.Chinese customers who bought the product via Apple China online or its chain stores will also be compensated, according to a statement on Apple's website.Chinese electronics retailers such as Suning and Gome responded quickly to the price cut, promising to pay back their customers with a refund.Suning, China's biggest electronics retailer by market value, said iPad 1 buyers who bought the product from Feb 17 to March 2 can get the refund with the receipt starting Saturday.Gome, the second largest electronics retailer in China, also announced to pay back their customers who bought the product from Feb 18 to March 3 from their stores. Customers could apply for the refund with the receipt starting Sunday.

BEIJING, April 19 (Xinhuanet) -- The case in the Hollywood blockbuster "The Social Network" continues in real life.Twins Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss on Monday filed another appeal against their Harvard classmate and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.The Winklevosses claim that the case needs to be reviewed by a special 11-judge panel in the latest appeal, after a three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against the brothers last week.The twins initially claimed that Zuckerberg had stolen their idea for the website but agreed to drop their lawsuit in 2008 in exchange for 20 million dollars in cash and stock in the company.But later they discovered the stock was worth less than claimed at the time and sought to have the deal voided, the brothers said.

CHENGDU, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- Over the crowds of holiday shoppers in China's big stores this Spring Festival lingers an atmosphere of suspicion.With charges of price deception hanging over the big chains of Carrefour and Wal-Mart and local authorities moving to levy fines, many Chinese -- normally averse to be pinching pennies during the Lunar New Year -- are checking their receipts at the tills.The New Year, which falls on Feb. 3 this year, is normally a time of largesse and excess -- all the more reason why many shoppers feel so betrayed.Customers can be seen recording label prices in notebooks or calculating their final bill on their mobile phones as they walk the aisles.At outlets of Carrefour and Wal-Mart in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu, the check out queues have grown as customers doublecheck prices at the tills."I would never have imagined global firms would do this intentionally and I have to be cautious," said a woman surnamed Wang, after shopping at a foreign-owned supermarket in Chengdu, southwest China's Sichuan Province.With three bulging shopping bags, Wang stood next to the check out to calculate the final bill: "We buy a lot for the New Year celebrations, so I have to be more careful."The official weeklong Spring Festival holiday, which starts Wednesday, is China's closest equivalent to the West's Christmas shopping season, with generous gifts of food, tobacco, liquor and other presents for family and friends.According to the Ministry of Commerce, China's retail sales hit 340 billion yuan (49.8 billion U.S. dollars) during the Spring Festival holiday week last year."The deceptive pricing practices of the two foreign-funded supermarket giants were a total scandal," said Wang. "I have to be careful with the prices and the labels.""Cheating by the supermarkets is the same as stealing. I might have suffered losses as I don't normally check receipts," said a Chengdu man surnamed Li.Wal-Mart (China) Investment Co., Ltd. offered a "sincere apology" to affected customers on Thursday. The company has been cooperating with investigations into the cheating. It has also launched inspections of stores nationwide.Chen Bo, spokesperson for Carrefour China, said Sunday that Carrefour sincerely apologized to Chinese customers for inconvenience and losses caused by pricing irregularities.Carrefour would refund customers five times the difference between the price charged and that on the label. The refund policy would be implemented at Carrefour's 182 outlets in China.The issue is continuing to smoulder on the Internet, with websites asking people to write in with "your experiences of price cheating by the Carrefour."A survey by Sohu, one of China's major web portals, had resulted late Sunday in 8,451 of 9,507 respondents saying they "would not go to Carrefour as it is blacklisted for price cheating.""Carrefour will further strengthen price label management and improve service quality to gain the support and confidence of Chinese customers," said Chen Bo.Carrefour had drawn up short and long-term measures to solve the price label issue, including price inspections, improving and upgrading the price label system, and comprehensive staff training."We will have our special control group conduct frequent and wide-ranging internal price inspections," Chen said.The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner and price regulator, said Wednesday that some Carrefour and Wal-Mart stores in China were involved in deceptive pricing practices.The NDRC ordered local pricing authorities to urge stores to correct their wrongdoing, and pay fines five times the illegal income. It also urged authorities to step up price checks ahead of the Spring Festival.

WASHINGTON, May 20 (Xinhua) -- Two U.S. astronauts conducted the first of four spacewalks for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 mission on Friday morning, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said.According to the U.S. space agency, Endeavour's mission specialists Andrew Feustel and Greg Chamitoff completed the six-hour, 19-minute spacewalk at 9:29 a.m. EDT (1329 GMT). They successfully installed antennas for the External Wireless Communication system, routing cables, setting up the antenna, installing handrails, and connecting power cables.Because of a carbon dioxide sensor failure in Chamitoff's spacesuit, flight controllers limited his spacewalk time to about six hours 20 minutes, 10 minutes less than the planned six hours and 30 minutes. There was no indication his suit's carbon dioxide levels would rise. However, they deferred tasks to remove a micrometeoroid debris shield to access and attach some of the connection points.This was the 245th spacewalk conducted by U.S. astronauts. It was Feustel's fourth spacewalk for a total time of 27 hours and 17 minutes, and Chamitoff's first.Endeavour lifted off on Monday morning from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to deliver to the International Space Station a 2-billion-dollar, multinational particle detector known as the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS).AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter.