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BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Debates in the medical field developed on Monday as a U.S. government panel recommended that men of all ages should stop getting prostate cancer blood screenings.The United States Preventive Services examined all the evidence and found little if any reduction in deaths from routine P.S.A. screening and suggested that the test does more harm than good to healthy men.The P.S.A. test for prostate cancer, a blood test to screen for a protein that may indicate cancer, has become widely used because it can help detect tiny tumors at a very early sta ge, when they are theoretically most treatable.Unfortunately, according to the task force, the vast majority of the results are false-positives: the men don’t actually have cancer. And most of those found to have cancerous cells would not suffer ill effects because their cancer is so slow-growing that it would not cut short their lives. Those with faster-growing cancers may also not be helped if the cancer is extremely aggressive.After the recommendation came out last week, many prostate cancer specialists have been pushing back.Urologist Dr. Mark DeGuenther said this recommendation is more about saving money than saving lives. He said death rates from prostate cancer have dropped 40 percent since men began getting screened at age 40 and he says it will save taxpayers and patients more money in the long run to diagnose and treat cancers earlier rather than wait and have to provide expensive care for advanced stage cancers."We all agree that we've got to do a better job of figuring out who would benefit from P.S.A. screening," said Dr. Scott Eggener, a prostate cancer specialist at the University of Chicago. "But a blanket statement of just doing away with it altogether ... seems over-aggressive and irresponsible."Dr. Deepak Kapoor, chairman and chief executive of Integrated Medical Professionals, which includes the nation's largest urology practice, said "We will not allow patients to die, which is what will happen if this recommendation is accepted."That task force's recommendation isn't final - it's a draft open for public debate. And obviously the debate is already under way.

ting fuel and benefits to agriculture from extended growing seasons."Global mitigation leading to a low climate change future reduces costs to Canada in the long term. This reinforces the argument that Canada would benefit environmentally and economically from a post 2012 international climate arrangement that systematically reduced emissions from all emitters - including Canada - over time," the report says.It recommends cooperation between governments, scientists and businesses to find ways to mitigate climate change and adapt to it.Canada's Minister of the Environment Peter Kent said the government has a plan to deal with global warming issues, which will be announced next month."Our government has a plan, a very good plan, to meet our target of reducing greenhouse gases by 17 percent from 2005 base levels, by 2020," Kent told Canada's House of Commons Thursday afternoon."We are moving forward to reduce greenhouse gases and, at the same time, we are investing in programs to help Canadians adapt to climate change," Kent said."Today's report merely echoes what our government has long recognized; that is, the importance of adaptation to climate change," he added.Earlier this week, several hundred people protested the government's policy of exploiting the oil sands deposits in western Canada.Environmentalists have criticized the Canadian government for not working hard enough to reduce CO2 emissions. Last year, a coalition of global warming activists gave Canada the "Fossil of the Year" award for failing to implement the Copenhagen Accord.

VIENNA, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- China is one of the active supporters of the international community to European crisis settlement, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Fu Ying said here on Saturday.Attending the fourth World Policy Conference, she voiced the hope that Europe could expand the mutually beneficial cooperation between Europe and China, and create a favorite condition for attracting investment from developing countries including China.In the afternoon, Fu attended a seminar with the topic of "Europe as a laboratory for global governance" and answered questions from the attendants.Asked if China and other BRICS countries should "rescue" Europe or not, she said that the word "rescue" often used by the European media could be misleading.She said that as the world's largest economy, the European Union (EU) has strong real economy and much higher living standard than developing countries. Europe does not need a "savior" but international partners with a win-win relationship.Currently, Europe is facing severe challenges such as the debt crisis and is actively seeking solutions. The EU is China's largest trading partner and one of the main sources of technology and investments. The settlement of crisis in Europe is closely related with not only the world but also China.China has been expressing its confidence in the European economy and the euro, believing that Europe is able to find out solutions to the problems, she said.She also pointed out that the current financial cooperation between Europe and China was mentioned in the same breath with the European financial expansion in Asia in the early 20th century by some European media, which was really a tale of a tub.China sticks to the foreign policy of promoting peace, development and cooperation, and has no intention to control European countries through financial tools, she said.Regarding to the role China played in the settlement of the current European debt crisis, Fu pointed out that China has been an active part of the international community supporting Europe to overcome its crisis.In addition to the cooperation in the financial sector, China also expands its imports, exploring ways to strengthen the investments in Europe and helping create jobs and restore economic growth, according to her.In her speech, she also said that in the process of industrialization, technological innovation, as well as in the fields such as green economy, Europe has always been a leading player in the world.After World War II, European countries learned from their mistakes and started the integration process to create lasting peace. The EU has been successful in maintaining regional peace and promoting economic prosperity. The governance experience in Europe is useful to other regions of the world.However, the European experience should not be completely copied by other regions due to their unique history and real situations.

KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.