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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In a departure from recent years, Warner Bros. will be a no-show at San Diego Comic-Con's revered Hall H this year.A WB spokesperson confirmed to 10News that the studio and DC Comics will forgo any Hall H panel. In recent years, Warner Bros. has been pivitol for Hall H panels, especially in 2018 when Marvel and HBO elected not to take the stage.The decision was made all the more surprising — for fans, disappointing — considering the studio's upcoming slate of comic book movies, including "Joker" (Oct. 4, 2019), "Birds of Prey and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn" (Feb. 7, 2020), "Wonder Woman 1984" (June 5, 2020), and "The Batman" (June 25, 2021).MORE COMIC-CON 2019 NEWSLast year, the studio used Hall H to preview "Wonder Woman 1984," "Aquaman," "Shazam!," "Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald," "Godzilla: King of the Monsters," and "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part.""Wonder Woman" director Patty Jenkins confirmed the news on Twitter this week, saying, "By now you’ve heard: WB isn’t going to Hall H this year. We’re so sad to miss you there! And waiting until Dec. to start our official #WW84 campaign in full-- But the truth is… we can just… barely… wait…" 1224

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — King tides are expected to hit San Diego County's coastline starting this weekend.The high tide event is forecasted to begin Sunday, Nov. 15, and last through Monday, Nov. 16, according to the California King Tides Project. Another round of king tides is also expected next month from Dec. 13 through Dec. 15.High tide is set to steadily rise through the weekend, with Friday's high tide reaching 6.9 feet ahead of Saturday's 7.3-foot high tide. Sunday and Monday will see high tide reach 7.5 feet, before gradually decreasing through the remainder of the week, according to Tide Forecast.FORECAST: Latest 10News weather forecast for San Diego County"King tide" is the term used to refer to the natural occurrence of higher than normal tide caused by the alignment of the gravitational pull between the sun, moon, and Earth. While the tide event isn't an everyday occurrence, it is a natural one.According to the California King Tides Project, king tides are generally the highest tides of the year. The group says that understanding king tides help plan for higher sea levels in the future, though the event is not caused by a rise in sea levels."King Tides are the highest high tides of the year, about a foot or two higher than average tides, which corresponds to the one to two foot rise in sea level expected during the next few decades. When you observe the King Tides, imagine seeing these tides (and the associated flooded streets, beaches, and wetlands) almost daily," according to the group.While the event has the ability to produce lively imagery of tide crashing onshore, beach-goers are warned to be careful when near the shoreline, especially if they're near an area prone to erosion. Coastal flooding, affecting businesses and residences, can also occur during these high tide events. 1827

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It’s now been a week since the first Americans began their quarantines at MCAS Miramar after evacuating from the epicenter of the coronavirus, and all Charles Wasserburger wants is one thing: a pizza.“I’m just eating the food they have here and suffering through all the pizza and burger commercials they have on TV,” he said.To be clear, the Nebraska native says he’s not complaining about conditions on the base where he has been on a mandatory 14-day quarantine since Feb. 5. The government has provided all 232 evacuees at Miramar with televisions and cell phones to call or video chat with loved ones, free of charge. RELATED: Second case of coronavirus confirmed in San Diego CountyBut after seven days of meals provided by the government -- mostly catered Chinese food -- Wasserburger knows there’s glorious pizza just beyond his reach.“I really did beg to have a pizza delivered because there’s a Pizza Hut like a mile away,” he said. Wasserburger works for a microbiology company. He was in Wuhan, China on business when the outbreak began. He hasn’t shown signs of the virus, but with two cases now confirmed among evacuees at Miramar, his wife in Omaha is a little worried on his behalf.“Even when you’re trying to keep a positive attitude, which he has done, there’s still going to be those days when you’re second guessing, “Could I be that person that comes down with that horrible thing next?” Fauniel Wasserburger said.The evacuees are allowed to mingle with each other in quarantine, although they’re supposed to stay six feet apart. Their only contact with the outside world is through video chat and package deliveries.“We had 180 packages from Amazon delivered yesterday, including fresh foods,” said Caroline Thorman, a spokeswoman for the Department of Health and Human Service Administration For Children and Families.RELATED: Mislabeled sample led to release of San Diego coronavirus patientDeliveries to the base must be screened first, then they can be taken to the lobby of one of the two hotels where evacuees are staying, Thorman said. Anyone who interacts with people under quarantine must wear personal protective gear.Thorman said evacuees have received a number of donations from the community, including books, children’s toys and diapers. The Red Cross provided comfort kits. Anyone wishing to make a donation in the San Diego area should call 2-1-1, she said.“We want to make it easy as possible and as comfortable as possible for these returning Americans,” she said.It wasn’t immediately clear why pizza posed an added challenge, but Thorman said she was happy to accommodate the request. 2654

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Last year, California voters overwhelmingly approved a measure to make Daylight Saving Time permanent. So why are we still springing forward and falling back an hour?Specifically, Proposition 7 was passed to allow the state legislature to vote to adopt Daylight Saving Time year-round with congressional approval. There lies the answer: congressional approval.Though California has yet to hold a vote, the change to year-round Daylight Saving Time would require Congress' backing. Florida voted for the shift in 2018, but are still waiting on Congress.RELATED: Trump: Making daylight saving time permanent is 'OK with me'California Assembly Bill 7, introduced in December 2018 by Assemblyman Kansen Chu, is currently being held until the second half of the 2020 legislative session, according to the Sacramento Bee. The bill, as written, would set California's standard time to year-round Daylight Saving Time — after the government authorizes the state to do so.If that approval were to come, California would apply year-round Daylight Saving Time beginning the second Sunday of March at 2 a.m.Chu said Friday he plans to introduce a resolution in Congress to authorize the change come in January.RELATED: Daylight Saving Time is here: Remember to set your clocks forward this weekend“I am committed to ending the harmful practice of switching our clocks twice a year and delivering on the voter’s decision at the ballot box in support of Proposition 7,” said Chu. “I share voters’ frustration that we will be shifting back to standard time on Sunday. Unfortunately, California and other states cannot move forward with permanent daylight saving time without authorization from the federal government."In January, I will introduce an Assembly Joint Resolution urging Congress to authorize states to practice permanent daylight saving time and continue my work to pass Assembly Bill 7 so California is ready for when Congress decides to take action."California is one of 14 states this year to introduce legislation for permanent Daylight Saving Time. There are also four bills waiting in Congress that could allow California and other states to make the time shift: H.R. 1556, S. 670, H.R. 1601, and H.R. 2389. Congress has until December 2020 to act on those bills.For now, Daylight Saving Time will end at 2 a.m. on Sunday, Nov. 3. 2361