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There are now 286 cases of possible and confirmed acute flaccid myelitis in the United States this year, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.That includes 116 confirmed cases of the rare polio-like illness, also known as AFM, that leads to sudden onset of paralysis. That's 10 more confirmed cases than the agency reported a week ago. An additional 170 possible cases of AFM are under investigation.More than 90% of the 440 patients with AFM since 2014 have been children younger than age 4. Most of the children with confirmed cases experienced a viral illness with symptoms including fever and cough about three to 10 days before the onset of paralysis, the CDC said this month. 715
Their youthful brains were developing normally, with no signs of developmental, psychological or neurological problems. None had ever had a concussion. But by the end of a single football season, 24 children between the ages of 9 and 18 who had more frequent impacts to the head showed signs of damage to brain development, new research says."Repetitive head impact exposure may have a cumulative effect in the rapidly developing brains of youth and high school football players," said study co-author Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan, a radiology research assistant at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, adding that the results mirror other recent findings.The study outfitted 60 youth and high school football players who had no history of head trauma or developmental issues with a head impact telemetry system that measures the magnitude, location and direction of impacts to the head. The researchers were not looking at whether the impact resulted in a concussion, only that impact occurred.The children were sorted into two categories: high cumulative head impact players (24) and low cumulative head impact players (36).Before beginning to play, each child had a resting state functional scan, known as an fMRI; the scans were repeated at the end of football season. The researchers were trying to see how exposure to repetitive hits affects the normal "pruning" process in the brain that occurs during adolescence."Pruning is an essential part of brain development," Murugesan said, comparing the process to how a tree needs to have dead or unneeded branches cut to keep it healthy and allow it to grow."Disruption in normal pruning has been shown to be related to weaker connections between different parts of the brain," he said.After comparing the functional MRI results to the player's level of impact, the researchers found that youth in the high-impact group had damage to their brains' pruning process after one season."Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.Although the "teenage years are a critical time for brain development, brain remodeling or synaptic pruning, this was a short-term study and did not follow the players longitudinally over several years. We don't really know the full application," said Dr. Julian Bailes, director of neurosurgery and co-director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem Neurological Institute, who was not involved in the research.Weill Cornell neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, who was also not involved in the study, called the research "early" and said the results don't necessarily "translate to a clinical or cognitive outcome." More research is needed to see whether the decline in brain pruning permanently affected the child's cognitive function or whether the brain's natural plasticity allowed it to repair itself."I would call this a pilot study," Isaacson said. "The call to action would be that we need more robust longitudinal studies with a pre- and a post-assessment of more than brain imaging. The study should also measure cognitive and neurological function and look for changes."As we learn more about the issue, Isaacson said, parents should do everything they can to limit contact in sports, "especially in practice before games, where studies show the majority of contact occurs." 3464

There's a new concept to contraception, and you may start seeing more advertising for it soon.It's an app, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) just gave it the green light to start marketing.Natural Cycles claims to help prevent pregnancy by allowing women to track the days they are most fertile. It uses a woman's monthly cycle information and their body temperature, which users input daily.The app provides a calendar of green and red days. Green days indicate you're not fertile, while red days suggest you are.The app claims its’s 93 percent effective if used correctly. That estimate may be high though.Planned Parenthood, in general, claims fertility awareness is only between 76 and 88 percent effective.Regardless, the app does nothing to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. The president of Advocates for Youth, a national organization that promotes young people’s rights to sexual health information, says there are some concerns surrounding the app.“Especially for many younger women, their cycle isn’t exactly regular, so if you've got an irregular cycle or you really don’t understand the implications of using fertility awareness, it’s a tough method to use,” explains Deb Hauser. “It’s not by any means foolproof.”The Natural Cycles app costs for a year or a month.The free trial offer isn't really going to help you, because it takes a few months for the app to get to know your body. 1445
There are 725 days until the 2020 presidential election. “I know people think it's a long way out, but the reality is the Iowa caucuses are likely to be 15 months from now, if not sooner,” says Dr. Lara Brown, the director of the Graduate School of Political Management at George Washington University.Iowa is key. Several high-profile Democrats have already visited the state recently, and experts say it won't be long until some of them officially throw their hat in the ring.“I would imagine we're going to have some candidates announcing their runs either at the end of this year, so the end of December, or in the first two months of 2019,” says Brown.Brown published a book on presidential nominations and elections called “Jockeying for the American Presidency: The Political Opportunism of Aspirants.”Brown says Democrats can expect a crowded field, just like the Republicans had in 2016.While no one has officially announced a party candidate, a list of potential candidates has been building for months.“We're going to have a lot of different Democrats from a lot of different regions, trying to make the argument they're really the one to lead the party and bring the White House back to the Democrats.”While it's rare that an incumbent president loses a re-election campaign, Brown says President Trump is vulnerable.“It’s evident after the 2018 elections that the Republican party's base is shrinking,” she says. “They are not appealing to as many people as they used to. There's now a 20-point split among women in terms of who and what party they favor.” 1583
This was amazing. @chadwickboseman surprises #BlackPanther fans while they say what the movie means to them. pic.twitter.com/ZXnfLuV83f— The Tonight Show (@FallonTonight) March 1, 2018 192
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