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KANSAS CITY — Maureen Boesen has always known cancer risk was high in her family."We're able to really track our history of breast cancer back to the late 1800s and early 1900s," Boesen said. "My grandmother actually passed away from ovarian cancer when she was 44. She had five sisters and none of them lived to the age of 50. Then, my mother was diagnosed with breast cancer when she was 32. We knew there was something going on and that it was a very young age."When Boesen and her two sisters were ages 3, 5 and 7, their mom was already receiving chemotherapy for stage 2 breast cancer. Because of the extensive family history, the girls were part of a study at a university in another part of the Midwest. Their mom was hoping to help the world better understand what was killing so many women. She was hoping to better her daughters' chances for survival."We were all tested in the same exact room," said Boesen's sister, Bridget Stillwell. "I can even remember what the room looked like." Because the girls were so young, and the health threat still likely years away, they wouldn't receive their DNA test results until they turned 18."We knew we were part of a study," Boesen said. "We knew our results were waiting for us, but we didn't know what they were."When asked if she found that wait frustrating, she said emphatically it was not."Quite the opposite. We felt empowered," she said.She didn't get the results right away. The sisters knew there was nothing they could likely do at age 18 even if their test results showed they'd inherited the BRCA gene mutation. The sisters all waited until they were around age 21. One sister was positive. One sister was negative. Boesen remembers meeting with the researcher to learn her results."We sat down and we had a conversation about what BRCA was and what it meant for my family," Boesen said. "It was a lengthy conversation, which made me very uncomfortable because why would a conversation that wasn't going to change my life last that long?"Eventually, the researcher told her she had inherited the gene mutation."It was just devastating because I knew what breast cancer and ovarian cancer can do to a family. You know, my first question out of my mouth was, 'Is there any chance this could be wrong?' The researcher said 'No.' "Boesen walked out of that meeting determined. She was going to make decisions to save her own life. She was going to have a bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. She would schedule a surgery to remove both breasts to prevent breast cancer."This was me doing what I was supposed to do and this was me being empowered and me being proactive and not waiting until I have a cancer diagnosis," Boesen said.She didn't want to feel like a ticking time bomb. She wanted to live.Boesen had the surgery to remove both breasts when she was just 23 years old. She went on to get married and have three children."I didn't get to breastfeed them. It was sad. I'm not brokenhearted or devastated about it, but it is sad to think I couldn't provide for my children like that," she said.At the time, she still believed she'd made the right decision because she was healthy.Once done having children, she knew there was another step that most people with the dangerous BRCA gene mutation have to consider."I knew that when I was done having children, I needed to have a complete hysterectomy," Boesen said.The BRCA gene mutation not only dramatically increases a woman's chance of developing breast cancer at a young age, it also significantly increases a woman's chance of ovarian cancer."The right thing to do and what the doctors say to do is have a complete hysterectomy by the age of 35 and I was in my early 30s," Boesen said.In 2018, she went to a hospital in Kansas City, Missouri, to start the process of preparing for her hysterectomy. Both her health care provider and her insurance company wanted a new DNA test. Everyone knew what the results would be, but they went through the motions to get the required confirmation she was positive for the deadly gene mutation which was so rampant in her family.The test results were supposed to be back in a few weeks, but it had been four and Boesen was starting to worry. Then, she got the call from the doctor."I was at work. And the first thing she said was, 'We need to talk', and my heart just sank," Boesen said. "She said, 'You're negative,' and I just started bawling."She was overwhelmed, confused and full of emotions."I was angry. I was regretful. I was happy. I was sad. I so desperately wanted to feel relief, 'Oh, thank God, this is the best day of my life,' but it wasn't," Boesen said. "It was just devastating."Boesen got another test to confirm the second test results. It also came back negative.She did not get the hysterectomy. There was no need now. There was no longer a threat that cancer was waiting to explode in her body. She now knew she had not inherited the BRCA gene mutation that had killed so many of her relatives.Dr. Jennifer Klemp of the University of Kansas Cancer Center has worked in the field of cancer genetics, specifically breast and female cancers, since 1997. She is the director of Cancer Survivorship and a cancer risk counselor. While she was not involved in Boesen's original research, she says she's not surprised."Twenty years ago, when we sent our first tests and BRCA 1 and 2 were the two genes we tested for, about 30-40 percent of the time we would get something called a 'variant of uncertain significance,' " Klemp said. "Basically, that meant we found a mutation or an error in the DNA, but we didn't know if that was associated with an increased risk of cancer. Today, using a reputable lab, that should be less than 1-2 percent."Klemp says things are changing rapidly in the field of genetic testing. If someone had a DNA test more than five years ago, they should consider having an updated test. She also says the at-home tests are good for finding out details about your ancestry, but they shouldn't be used to make major decisions about your health. For that, you'd want a health professional to order a commercial test through a certified, reputable lab. With more and more companies offering testing, and more medical professionals and patients interested in genetic testing for so many reasons, she says demand right now is outpacing supply."If you have 10 different labs doing testing, and you have every primary care, OB-GYN, oncology clinic, surgical clinic and any number of patients eligible for testing, it's a little bit of the wild west," Klemp said, adding there's no central repository for this patient and test information.As for Boesen, the university where the original research was done and the false positive originated offered to re-test her DNA. She is currently waiting on the results from what is now her fourth genetic test. She hopes it comes back negative, too, which is what the experts all expect. She believes, then, finally, she'll be able to move forward with her life. Boesen and her two sisters are writing a book about their experiences. Each of her sisters has a story to tell, too. Their book will be titled, " 7146
KANSAS CITY, Mo. -- The Kansas City, Missouri, City Council on Thursday unanimously approved a resolution that may eliminate public bus fares, positioning the city to become 186
Inside the Newark Liberty International Airport Monday night, an Alaska Airlines employee spotted two men who she thought looked suspicious.When the employee approached them, the men started running and she screamed "evacuate," a source with knowledge of the incident told CNN, based on preliminary information. The yells stirred panic at the gate, the source said.The concerned employee hit an alarm after talking to the two men and nearly 200 passengers evacuated the gate, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey spokesman Steve Coleman said.One passenger told CNN affiliate 592
In like a lion, out like a lion?Don't let this weather April Fool you, after a warm weekend in many parts of the US, temperatures are dipping dramatically.From St. Louis to New York, millions of Americans enjoyed barbecues, beaches and parks with temperatures reaching into the 60s and 70s. Even parts of Alaska reached 70 degrees on Saturday -- the earliest in the year anywhere in the state has hit that high.But here's hoping the tulips and the sprinkler systems haven't yet made their way back into your yard as temperatures will be falling rapidly across large swaths of the country.By Monday morning temperatures are expected to drop so dramatically that over 20 million people from Arkansas to North Carolina will be under a freeze warning.Northeast likely to experience most dramatic changeCNN meteorologist Michael Guy expects a stunning reversal of temperatures for April 1 -- ranging from 10-20 degrees below average for this time of year.Guy says the most extreme drops are forecast to be in the Northeast, with New York City dropping from Sunday's 65 degree high to a forecast 46 degrees, Boston falling from 70 to 45 degrees and Washington DC from 64 to 45 degrees.The cold snap is due to a strong cold front moving in and the battle between warm versus cold air this time of year, he says.Most people in the Northeast, mid-South and Midwest will see highs in the 40s and the 50s.That means a city like Pittsburgh, after reveling in a high of 67 Saturday, will fall back to earth with temperatures in the upper 30s on Sunday.As the United States wakes up Monday, many of us will be trading out our flip flops for a closed toe and pulling our winter jackets back out of the storage closet.This is only temporary, however, as some part of the South are expected to bounce back to spring by Wednesday with Atlanta seeing temperatures of nearly 80 by next weekend. 1886
Inside a converted warehouse here, one of the largest migrant processing facilities in the country, rows of undocumented migrants filled chain-link cells as of last week.The facility, designed to hold 1,500, was crammed with 2,200 migrants detained at the border. That's nearly double the number who were there last summer.The region's central processing facility, which was built in the wake of the unaccompanied crisis five years ago, is better equipped to care for families and children than most Border Patrol stations, but its limits are being tested.Despite the near-constant attention President Donald Trump and his administration have placed on the border, illegal immigration is on the rise, leading to serious overcrowding in detention facilities like this one."We are way over capacity," said a Border Patrol official while touring the facility in McAllen with CBP Deputy Commissioner Robert Perez.Customs and Border Protection facilities in the area are overflowing with migrants who can't be processed and transferred fast enough to make room for all the new people arrested for crossing the border illegally or seeking asylum at the ports.This backlog has led CBP to begin releasing some migrants with notices to appear in court. According to a CBP official, 50 people were released on March 19, with another 200 expected to be released on March 20. The releases are a "temporary measure" being implemented "to mitigate risks to both officer safety and vulnerable populations," said the official.Immigration and Customs Enforcement has also released families along the southern border due to capacity issues and the inability to hold families longer than 20 days.Both the ICE and new CBP policies are, in effect, "catch and release" policies that the Trump administration has criticized.Separately, DHS has begun returning some asylum seekers who arrive in California to Mexico for the duration of their immigration proceedings and has indicated it plans to expand the practice across the southern border. This policy is being challenged in court.A system overwhelmed againWhile illegal border crossings are on the rise, they have not reached the record highs from the early to mid-2000s, when apprehensions often hit more than 100,000 a month along the southern border.In February, the most recent month available, 66,450 people were apprehended on the southern border.But it's the changing demographics that US officials and agencies are struggling with. Fifteen years ago, the typical migrant apprehended at the southern border was a single male from Mexico who was then quickly returned to Mexico. Today, families and children make up the majority of apprehensions. They are predominantly from the Northern Triangle countries of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.Today's situation is reminiscent of the wave of unaccompanied minors apprehended at the border in the summer of 2014. Back then, Border Patrol apprehended 10,620 unaccompanied minors in one month. This February, 6,825 unaccompanied children were apprehended, along with a record 36,174 family members.In the first five months of this fiscal year, there were 163,087 apprehensions of unaccompanied minors and families -- already more than in all of 2018, which was 157,248 for the entire year."It overwhelms the resources that I have," said Rio Grande Valley Chief Patrol Agent Rodolfo Karisch about the increase in families and children. "Out of every shift, I'm having to take 20% of my workforce and dedicate them to processing, dedicate them to hospital watch and transportation, so it is very taxing on our resources."Karisch said that as the summer months approach and temperatures rise, "rescue season" begins."I don't get extra personnel, given to me for the humanitarian mission, nor do I get extra personnel for the actual rescue operations, so all of those things are very taxing," said Karisch.The problem is particularly acute in the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, already the busiest region for illegal border crossings in the country. Thirty-eight percent of all border apprehensions and 52% of marijuana seizures occur in this part of southern Texas, according to Karisch.The converted warehouseThe building in McAllen, a nondescript, beige facade, opens into warehouse space with large fenced-in cells used to divide migrants into different demographic groups- single adults, families, and unaccompanied children.Inside them, people lay next to each other under crinkling mylar blankets, others stand along the wire fence. The cement floor is lined with green gym mats. Two children pushed empty trash cans around, seemingly with nothing else to play with.One area held what appeared to be hundreds of children and parents, eating apples, potato chips and other snacks, and drinking from bottles of water and milk cartons.What to call these holding pens has become a contentious point of debate. While the CBP and Department of Homeland Security officials refer to them as "pods," Democratic lawmakers who criticize the Trump administration's have described them as cages. In a recent testimony before the House Homeland Security Committee, DHS Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen said her department does not use cages to house migrant children when questioned by House Homeland Security Chairman Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Mississippi.CBP Deputy Commissioner Robert Perez says that calling them cages is a "mischaracterization of what the processing center actually is. It is a center that is there and meant for and indented to, in the most safest means possible, to take these most vulnerable populations and afford us as the front line law enforcement agency the best ability to deliver the care and processing that we are responsible to do for those very vulnerable populations.""That really struck me, the care with which our agents are taking care of this population," said Perez. "The other thing that struck me was, how saturated we are. A facility, very well-equipped, very well-resourced, nevertheless overwhelmed by the virtue of just the sheer numbers of people that we are seeing."The group, including CBP officials and two journalists, entered one of the cells, labeled "red pod C." There, an agent stood guard on top of a painted red structure, reminiscent of a lifeguard tower, and stood above to watch what was happening inside."We do have fights from time to time, which is why we have to have an open facility," said another Border Patrol official as we walked through the center.There are also laundry facilities and showers in the building -- not available at all of the stations in the region or across the border. CBP also purchases new clothing, which are given to migrants while their personal garments are being washed.A group of border agents assigned to handle unaccompanied minor cases worked feverishly at a long row of desks. Another row of desks, although empty when CNN was there, are meant for consular officers that can help US officials determine if the documents brought by migrants, primarily from Central American countries, are legitimate."This needs to be a whole of government, regional problem, not just CBP and DHS," said one of the officials on the tour.Length of stayThe goal is to move people out of the processing center and other Border Patrol facilities within 72 hours, but that doesn't always happen."Some of these folks have been sitting here for days, not hours," said a senior Border Patrol official on the walkthrough.The average length of stay in the facility is currently 60 hours, but that drops to 32 hours for families, according to the official.The McAllen center was designed to temporarily house migrants so they can be processed and transferred to other agencies. Families and adults are generally released to Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody, while unaccompanied children are transferred to the Department of Health and Human Services.Although agents want to move people out the center as quickly as possible, the short turnaround presents another problem -- how to verify familial relationships.For example, even if a document is determined to be legitimate, agents have to determine whether it's fraudulent. Additionally, only children older than 14 are fingerprinted, leaving a gap in the biometric data that can be gathered.After a couple hours touring the facility and border in McAllen, Perez noted that it's not just the Border Patrol facilities, but the entire US immigration system that is backlogged. "The system is overwhelmed," he said.The border and the portsLater that day, about 10 miles away from the McAllen processing center, agents lined up a group of about a migrants just apprehended near the Anzalduas International Bridge along the border with Mexico. Agents asked all the migrants for their information and documents. Among those apprehended were Xiomara and her adolescent son. She said they fled extortion and death threats in her home country of Guatemala."They give you days to give them the money, and if not, they'll kill you," she said in Spanish.At the time Xiomara and her son were encountered, Border Patrol had apprehended 600 people for the day. By the end of the day, 1,420 people had been taken into custody -- making it the second-busiest day in the sector since 2014.Several miles to the east, the Hidalgo Port of Entry was also overwhelmed with asylum-seekers. On Friday, there were 77 migrants in the 35-person capacity facility."How do we handle this many people?" asked the CBP official giving a tour of the port.The port has converted its offices into holding facilities for families and uses its original holding cells for bathrooms. Inside the port, there was a closet filled with Pedialyte, Nestle formula, children's clothing and other goods.At night, officers put down mats and provide blankets so migrants have somewhere to sleep.Migrants are sent to various processing facilities in the area depending on which facility has availability. However, agents aim to send all unaccompanied minors to the central processing center in McAllen."Especially right now" the region's facilities are overcapacity, said Chief Karisch, adding the Border Patrol stations and the processing center in McAllen are "exactly what they are --processing, short-term holding facilities," he said. 10299