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LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- The spacecraft Dawn of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has returned the first close-up image of the giant asteroid Vesta after entering its orbit for the first time last week, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Monday.The image taken for navigation purposes shows Vesta in greater detail than ever before, said JPL in Pasadena, California.On July 15, Dawn became the first probe to enter orbit around an object in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.When Vesta captured Dawn into its orbit, there were approximately 9,900 miles (about 16,000 kilometers) between the spacecraft and the asteroid.Vesta is 330 miles (about 530 kilometers) in diameter and the second most massive object in the asteroid belt.NASA's Dawn spacecraft obtained this image with its framing camera on July 17, 2011. It was taken from a distance of about 9,500 miles (15,000 kilometers) away from the protoplanet Vesta. Each pixel in the image corresponds to roughly 0.88 miles (1.4 kilometers). Ground- and space-based telescopes have obtained images of Vesta for about two centuries, but they have not been able to see much detail on its surface."We are beginning the study of arguably the oldest extant primordial surface in the solar system," said Dawn principal investigator Christopher Russell from the University of California, Los Angeles, which is responsible for Dawn's mission science. " This region of space has been ignored for far too long. So far, the images received to date reveal a complex surface that seems to have preserved some of the earliest events in Vesta's history, as well as logging the onslaught that Vesta has suffered in the intervening eons."Vesta is thought to be the source of a large number of meteorites that fall to Earth. Vesta and its new NASA neighbor, Dawn, are currently approximately 117 million miles (about 188 million kilometers) away from Earth. The Dawn team will begin gathering science data in August.Observations will provide unprecedented data to help scientists understand the earliest chapter of the solar system and pave the way for future human space missions, according to JPL."Dawn slipped gently into orbit with the same grace it has displayed during its years of ion thrusting through interplanetary space," said Marc Rayman, Dawn chief engineer and mission manager at NASA's JPL. "It is fantastically exciting that we will begin providing humankind its first detailed views of one of the last unexplored worlds in the inner solar system."Although orbit capture is complete, the approach phase will continue for about three weeks. During approach, the Dawn team will continue a search for possible moons around the asteroid; obtain more images for navigation; observe Vesta's physical properties; and obtain calibration data.In addition, navigators will measure the strength of Vesta's gravitational tug on the spacecraft to compute the asteroid's mass with much greater accuracy than has been previously available, according to JPL.Dawn will spend one year orbiting Vesta, then travel to a second destination, the dwarf planet Ceres, arriving in February 2015. The mission to Vesta and Ceres is managed by JPL for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.Dawn is a project of the directorate's Discovery Program, which is managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alaska.

JIANGYIN, Jiangsu, July 1 (Xinhua) -- China's manned deep-diving submersible, the Jiaolong, embarked on a journey on Friday during which it will make a 5,000-meter dive in the Pacific Ocean.During the dive, the submersible will undergo several operational tests in which it will take photos, shoot video, survey seabeds and take samples from the ocean floor, according to Jin Jiancai, deputy director of the submersible's diving test program team.The tests will be conducted in the Pacific Ocean in accordance with a contract signed between the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research & Development Association and the International Seabed Authority (ISA).The submersible is scheduled to spend 47 days at sea, according to a statement from the Ministry of Science and Technology.A submersible differs from a submarine, as it typically depends on another vessel or facility for support.The Jiaolong, designed to reach a depth of 7,000 meters, completed 17 dives in the South China Sea between May 31 and July 18 last year, reaching 3,759 meters during its deepest dive.In the year since the submersible's last dive, program team members have made several technical improvements to the submersible and its support vessel, Jin said.Jin said the program team members are "very confident" about the test.He also stressed that the test will be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as well as the ISA's rules and regulations.The Jiaolong is the world's first manned submersible designed to reach depths of 7,000 meters below sea level, according to Xu Qinan, the submersible's chief designer.

MOSCOW, Sept. 21 (Xinhua) -- A Russian Proton-M carrier rocket carrying a military spacecraft blasted off early Wednesday from the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan, the first launch since a series setbacks of Russian rocket launch in August.Colonel Alexei Zolotukhin, spokesman of the Russian Space Forces, told reporters that the successful launch took place at 02:47 Moscow time (2247 GMT Tuesday) as scheduled."The spacecraft is scheduled to separate from the Briz-M booster at 11:48 Moscow time (0748 GMT)," Zolotukhin said.The military spacecraft delivered by the Proton-M belongs to the Russian Defense Ministry.Local reports said the Wednesday launch was originally planned for Aug. 31, but was postponed due to an investigation into a failed launch of a Proton-M rocket carrying an Express-AM4 satellite on Aug. 18.After the failure, Russia decided to suspend launches of rocket Proton-M pending the outcome of a probe into the accident.On Aug. 24, a Progress M-12M cargo ship also failed to reach the orbit due to a rocket malfunction. Russia delayed the launch of next manned spaceship to the International Space Station (ISS).

MOSCOW, Aug. 24 (Xinhua) -- A Russian Progress cargo ship crashed into Siberia after failing to reach the right orbit Wednesday. The crash marked the second failure in space launch in less than a week and the third in this year, prompting local media to suspect a major reshuffle in Russia's space industry.UNPRECEDENTED FAILUREThe Progress M-12M unmanned freighter was launched to the International Space Station from Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan on Wednesday. It was expected to reach a near-Earth orbit in about nine minutes after launch.However, after the 325th second of the flight, which was just a few seconds before the vessel should reach the orbit, the ground control center lost it.Russian space agency Roscosmos confirmed later that the cargo ship failed to reach the orbit and fell down. Russian Progress M-12M cargo ship is launched to the International Space Station from Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan on Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2011. It has failed to reach the orbit, the Interfax news agency reported.The malfunction of the Soyuz-U rocket's engine was generally believed to be the cause of the accident, according to local media.A source in the space industry said the spaceship had sent a breakdown report while separating from the Soyuz rocket.Some unconfirmed reports said the fuel tank of the booster leaked and the engine was automatically turned off to avoid explosion.The wreckage of the Progress cargo ship has already fallen in southern Siberia's Altai Republic, where a big explosion was heard by locals, reported RIA Novosti news agency.A state investigation committee has been formed to look into the first ever loss of a Progress freighter.CONCERNS OVER FUTUREThe unprecedented accident raised concerns over the reserves of the six crew members on board the ISS.The ship was loaded with over 3.5 tons of supplies for the ISS, including scientific materials, oxygen, water and food.According to Russia's Ground Control, the loss of these supplies will not affect the ISS crew as there are enough stocks of necessities for two to three months.Also, there is no need for premature return of the crew, said Vladimir Solovyov, a space official.However, it still casts some shadow over the ISS program that relies on Russia exclusively following the retirement of U.S. shuttles.A source from the Russian space industry said the scheduled launches of the Soyuz rockets are likely to be suspended until the reasons of the accident are established.This means that current crew members of the ISS would likely stay longer in the space than planned, as the new members might not be able to replace them on schedule, the source explained. Solovyov said the launch of the next Progress is scheduled for October 28.So far, Roscosmos has refrained from comments regarding the possible halt in manned missions aboard Soyuz carrier rockets."Comments will follow. Now it is necessary to determine the causes of today's abortive launch of a Soyuz-u carrier rocket with the Progress M-2M transport ship," Roscosmos told Itar-Tass news agency.Local media raised the prospect of a major reshuffle in Russia' s space industry as the country has lost a total of six space vehicles over the past nine months.On Aug. 18, a carrier rocket Proton-M failed to deliver to the orbit communication satellite Express-AM4. Earlier in February, Russia had lost a satellite named Geo-IK2.In December 2010, a booster malfunction resulted in the loss of three satellites in the global positioning and navigation system GLONASS.

WELLINGTON, June 10 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have uncovered an almost complete picture of the remains of a geological formation that was one of the great wonders of the 19th Century world before it was covered in ash and water during a volcanic eruption.Scientists from New Zealand and the United States said Friday they had discovered the White Terraces, half of the famous Pink and White Terraces in the central North Island's Lake Rotomahana.The same group of scientists found the remnants of the pink half of the former world-famous tourist attraction on the lake floor in January.The Pink and White Terraces were buried by the eruption of Mount Tarawera 125 years ago on 10 June 1886. The two sets of cascading silica terraces were separated by several hundred metres.The two formerly glistening terraces were formed on the shores of the lake, where the silica rich waters were warmed by the magma beneath.In the late 19th Century, the cascading terraces attracted people from all over the world. The White Terraces were the larger and stretched to a height of 30 meters, forming a 240-meter face. Visitors could walk up to a crater platform where they could bathe in the clear blue waters in naturally-formed basins up to three meters deep.Project Leader Cornel de Ronde, of New Zealand's GNS Science geosciences research institute, said the sonar images from Lake Rotomahana showed the lake floor was covered overwhelmingly by soft sediment and mud.The side-scan sonar data of the lake floor was collected on the last day of the 10-day project at Lake Rotomahana during the southern summer, but was analyzed using new software, which became available after the data collection had finished.The scientists found the sonar data contained images of hard, crescent-shaped structures on the lake bed in a similar location to where the White Terraces were before the eruption of 1886.The structures were about 60 meters below the surface, a similar depth to the Pink Terraces found in January. The lake is about 122 meters deep at its deepest point."The two places on the lake floor where we encountered hard, up- standing crescent-shaped features correspond to the locations of the Pink and White Terraces before the Tarawera eruption," de Ronde said."The sonar image that appears to show part of the White Terraces came to light after the project had finished. It shows a horizontal segment of terraces over 100 meters long, although we don't know which part of the terraces it is."The rounded terrace edges are standing up from the lake floor by about a meter in some places. The sonar images of both sets of terraces are strikingly similar."Scientists managed to capture several color photographs of part of the Pink Terraces in January, but they did not lower an underwater camera over the White Terraces location during the project as they were unaware of what the sonar data was showing at the time.The fate of the remaining sections of the Pink and White Terraces was unclear, said a statement from GNS. "They might have been destroyed in the eruption. Alternatively, they could be lying under thick sediment, which is impenetrable to sonar signals sent out by the two autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) used in the survey."De Ronde said finding remnants of both sets of terraces was a remarkable outcome for the project."The project team was absolutely thrilled in January when we realised our AUVs had detected remnants of the Pink Terraces. Finding part of what we believe is the White Terraces as well has been surprising and very satisfying."The original aim of the project at Lake Rotomahana was to map the lake floor and investigate the extensive geothermal system under the lake and how it evolved from an on-land geothermal system to a submerged one. Anything else was a bonus," de Ronde said."It's gratifying to be part of a science project that can answer a century-old mystery about the fate of the Pink and White Terraces."De Ronde said the announcement of the find was timed to coincide with the 125th anniversary of Tarawera's eruption.The 10-day project was a collaboration involving GNS Science, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, Lamont- Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University in New York, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Seattle, and New Zealand's University of Waikato.

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