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BEIJING, Aug. 5 -- Chinese steel mills would prefer to import more iron ore from Brazil rather than Australia after the detention of four Shanghai-based employees of multinational miner Rio Tinto on charges of commercial espionage, according to data specialist ASXMarine. Spot iron ore vessel bookings from Brazil to China surged to a record 39 in July, from 24 in the previous month, Reuters quoted the data from ASXMarine. Vessel bookings from Australia's main iron ore ports to China dropped to 31, down from 40 compared to the previous month and the lowest reading since February after the Rio Tinto scandal. Photo taken on July 9, 2009 shows the Rio Tinto Ltd. Office in Shanghai, east China. Chinese steelmakers have begun to hold their imports from Australian miners and are switching to Brazilian ore instead, domestic ports have witnessed. Zang Dongsheng, deputy general manger of Rizhao Port Group, China's largest iron ore port which accounts for a fifth of the country's iron ore deliveries, said some of his customers have reduced their orders from Australia and turned to Brazil. But the exact figures would be available only in September as shipments from Brazil and Australia would be delayed by one or two months. China's main ports received 56.5 million tons of iron ore in July, up 35 percent from the same period last year, the Ministry of Transport said yesterday. Iron ore imports rose 29.3 percent year on year, to 297 million tons, in the first half of this year, while traders imported 131 million tons, up 90.4 percent from last year. The China Iron and Steel Association (CISA) said last Friday that excess iron ore imports had distorted the demand-supply situation and hampered its position at negotiations with global miners on new long-term benchmark prices. It also said foreign iron ore suppliers promoted massive selling on the cash market, leading to huge stockpiles and urged to limit import licenses. However, the iron ore import figures in July reflected orders in May as it takes more than a month to deliver ore from Australia and Brazil, said Zang from Rizhao port. Chinese steel mills started to reduce orders ever since CISA rejected the 33-percent cut offered by miners in May and held out for more discount, he said. China News Service reported yesterday that CISA halted talks because iron ore spot prices have been "seriously distorted", citing a statement issued by the association. However, no such statement could be found on the association's website, and its official surnamed Wang said the report was not true and talks were ongoing.
MOSCOW, July 28 (Xinhua) -- China and Russia have reached broad consensus on the proper handling of the sudden closure of the Cherkizovsky Market through friendly negotiations, said Chinese Vice Minister of Commerce Gao Hucheng here Saturday. Gao, who arrived here Wednesday, heads a Chinese delegation for talks on the impact of the June 29 closing of the market, where tens of thousands of Chinese vendors had been operating. Local analysts said the shutdown has marked an inevitable transformation of the nongovernmental trade between China and Russia and necessitated a change in mindset and operation mode among Chinese businessmen in Russia. REASONS BEHIND THE ABRUPT SHUTDOWN Cherkizovsky is Russia's biggest wholesale market. Police abruptly shut down the nearly 300-hectare market in northeastern Moscow on June 29 after disclosure by .Russian Federal Supervision Service for Consumer Rights Protection and People Welfare of various illegal and irregular operation in the markets Russian Prosecutor General's Office said the shutdown was due to bad sanitary and fire control conditions, but local media believe many factors have prompted the closure. A June report tendered by Minister of Industry and Trade Victor Khristenko stated that contraband goods not only cost the government great loss in taxation, but also undermine the development of the country's light industry. The report suggested promoting legal, standardized chainstores and cracking down on terminal markets notorious for the sales of counterfeited and shoddy products and goods entered the country through "grey customs clearance". Russian Federal Supervision Service for Consumer Rights Protection and People Welfare, Prosecutor General's Office, Federal Migration Service , Moscow municipal government and other government agencies even proposed shutting down the market for good. The latest poll conducted by research group Levada Center also showed that among 94 percent of Moscow citizens who know about the closure, 67 percent support the move. Another online poll conducted by newspaper Izvestia also showed that over 80 percent of netizens are in favor of the shutdown. "GREY CUSTOMS CLEARANCE" HAMPERS SINO-RUSSIAN TRADE Over the past 20 years, the people-to-people trade between China and Russia has undoubtedly made great contribution to bilateral economic and trade cooperation, said Gao Xiyun, Economic Minister Counselor of Chinese Embassy in Russia. However, it is also an undeniable fact that problems such as "grey customs clearance" had seriously hampered the health development the bilateral people-to-people trade, he said. The so-called "grey customs clearance" is a long-standing practice that involves intermediaries handling customs clearance for bulk commodities loaded in planes or containers trucks. After paying the so-called "customs clearance companies," the consignors of the goods do not have to deal with Russian customs authorities in person. Consequently they receive no official customs declaration documents. In recent years, the Russian government has strived to rectify its domestic market order. For a time, goods that entered the country through "grey customs clearance" were regarded as contraband, and their owners would face penalties, including fines or even outright confiscation. Prior to the market closure, on Sep. 11, 2008, the Investigation Committee at the Russian Prosecutor General's Office sealed up a large part of Chinese merchants' container storehouse in the Cherkizovsky market. CHINESE BUSINESSMEN NEED TO CHANGE MODES OF OPERATION Some 60,000 Chinese are doing business in Cherkizovsky Market, making the market the biggest Chinese business community in Moscow and even the whole Russia, according to figures from the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Russia. The abrupt closure of the market, in addition to the closedown of the container storehouse, has caused great economic loss to Chinese merchants and their domestic enterprises. Gennady Gudkov, Deputy Chairman of the Security Committee of the Russian State Duma said though the closure of the market is justified, the vendors there should be given advance notice of the closure. Gao Hucheng said China has no objections to Russia's crackdown on smuggling, but the Russian side should protect the personal and property safety of the Chinese citizens without hurting their dignity. While enforcing the law, the Russian side should try its best to keep the economic losses of the Chinese business people to the minimum. Some Chinese analysts noted that Russia's cracking down on smuggling and rectifying domestic markets would help regulate trade channels, improve trade environment, therefore conducive to sustained and sound development of bilateral trade in the long run. Li Huilai, Charge d'Affaires of the Chinese Embassy in Russia, said the only way out for Chinese merchants is to transform their operation mode and do their business in accordance with law and regulations. JOINT EFFORTS URGED TO EXPAND NORMAL TRADE CHANNELS In recent years, China has strengthened export supervision and instructed Chinese enterprises and businessmen in Russia to operate honestly and abide by the laws and regulations there. China and Russia share a common goal in creating a trade environment that is standardized, transparent and convenient. In June, China and Russia established a customs cooperation committee and set up a long-term mechanism to normalize bilateral trade order in a bid to raise the level of customs clearance facilitation and create favorable conditions for the crackdown and eventual eradication of the "grey customs clearance." Gao's delegation, comprising officials from the ministries of commerce and foreign affairs, the General Administration of Customs and trade officials from Zhejiang, Fujian and Hebei provinces reached three consensus with the Russian side on the closure issue. The two sides agreed to further develop the Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partnership, deepen bilateral trade cooperation and properly settle the closure issue through friendly negotiations. The governments of China and Russia attached great importance to their strategic cooperative partnership and had agreed that the sudden closure of the market should not hurt their friendly cooperation, Gao said. The two sides should promptly initiate a customs cooperation mechanism, and develop a work plan to stop illegal activities including "grey customs clearance," regulate customs declaration channels and raise customs clearance efficiency. Analysts believe that with the constant improvement and development of Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation, the issue of "grey customs clearance" could be fully resolved.

BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- A grand military parade will be held at the heart of Beijing Thursday morning to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, underscoring the country's self-defensive policy. "As an important force safeguarding world peace and development, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) will continue pursuing a national defense policy that is defensive in nature and pose no threat to other countries," said Lieutenant General Fang Fenghui, commander-in-chief of the parade and commander of PLA Beijing Military Area Command in an interview with Xinhua. "We will stick to our country's policy to safeguard world peace and promote common development," Fang said. China adheres to a long-standing defensive policy of "no first use of nuclear weapons" from the very beginning it developed its nuclear ammunition, Fang said. Addressing the United Nations Security Council nuclear summit in New York on Sept. 24, 2009, Chinese President Hu Jintao proposed that all nuclear weapon states abandon the nuclear deterrence policy based on first use of nuclear weapons and take credible steps to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons. "To realize a safer world for all, we must first and foremost remove the threat of nuclear war," Hu said. "All nuclear-weapon states should make an unequivocal commitment of unconditionally not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and conclude a legally-binding international instrument in this regard." According to the White Paper "China's National Defense in 2008"released on Jan. 20 this year, China noted that its nuclear missiles of the Second Artillery Force "are not aimed at any country in peacetime." China has been reporting on its national defense policy in a white paper every two years since 1998, introducing its national defense policy, the structure and development of the forces, the budgets and use of defense expenditure. Chinese leaders have made repeated commitments to world peace and development since the nation's founding in 1949. "For now and in the future, China would never seek hegemony, nor would we turn to military expansion or arms race with other countries," Chinese President Hu Jintao told heads of 29 foreign navy delegations attending the PLA Navy celebration in Qingdao on April 23, 2009. "China will unswervingly stick to the road of peaceful development, which demands China to adhere to the defensive national defense policy," Hu said. During the process of reform and opening up, the Chinese army takes it as the fundamental purpose to safeguard world peace, development and stability, as well as national sovereignty, security and development. Wang Xinjun, a research fellow of warring theory and strategy at the PLA Military Science Academy, said defensive armaments were the majority of the PLA ammunitions as offensive weapons account for a very small proportion of its depot. "This is the most distinctive aspect that makes PLA different from the troops in other countries," Wang said. "The core of Chinese military strategy lies in defensiveness rather than offensiveness." Preparing to disclose many of its latest national defense strength in the parade, China holds on to its goal of a peaceful development. "What poses threat to another country is not one country's military strength, but the policy it follows," said Major General Gao Jianguo, spokesman for the joint headquarters for the parade in Beijing. "China unswervingly persists in taking a road of peaceful development, striving for a harmonious world that highlights global peace and common prosperity," Gao said. "Our military ties with foreign countries are based on equality, mutual trust and cooperation." Through non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting at any third party, China has established military ties with more than 150 countries and set up military attaché offices in 109 countries. Meanwhile, 101 countries have set up military attaché offices in China. Among the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, China currently sends the most peacekeepers. More than 13,000 Chinese peacekeepers have carried out 18 UN peacekeeping operations since China's first dispatch of military observers to such operations in 1990. Since the end of last year, the Chinese navy has carried out escort missions in the waters of the Gulf of Aden off Somali and has escorted more than 800 ships.
BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhua) -- Internet researchers from China and Britain agreed at a forum in Beijing Thursday to enhance cooperation on maintaining a safe Internet environment for children. The second China-U.K. Internet Roundtable-conference was held from Wednesday to Thursday. The participants of the conference believed that the two governments and Internet enterprises from the two countries should work together to deal with the challenges brought about by online dangers to children. They agreed it was necessary to strengthen the protection of young netizens from unhealthy information online, such as pornographic material or exposure to online predators. Malcolm Hutty, head of public affairs of London Internet Exchange Ltd. said that there should be a "partnership approach" between government, parents and children's organizations responsible for advancing the rights for children. Hutty said the government should create new protective laws. "There is a big role for Internet industry ... in raising the awareness and providing ... educational messages about how to protect children," Hutty said, adding that there were responsibilities around ensuring that services aimed at children were made safe for them, particularly in chatrooms and social networking. Susan Daley of Symantec suggested teaching children good cyber-skills in schools. Hu Qiheng, chairwoman of the Internet Society of China (ISC), said that it was the responsibility of the government, parents and schools to safeguard the rights of young netizens. Internet enterprises should also provide technological support to parents in installing protective software, she said. According to the China Internet Network Information Center, by the end of 2008, about 108 million Chinese Internet users were under 19 years old.
BEIJING, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- China contributed 19.2 percent of the world economic growth in 2007, up from 2.3 percent in 1978, a report by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) has said. It said China tops the world in contribution to the global economic growth. The report was the 18th by the NBS. It showcased the improving international status and influence of new China over years of development. According to the NBS, China's gross domestic product (GDP) was 30 billion U.S. dollars in 1952, more than doubling by 1960, and reached 3.86 trillion U.S. dollars in 2008. China had also become the world's third largest economy in 2008 by accounting for 6.4 percent of the global GDP. Meanwhile, the country's gross national income (GNI) per capital has been catching up with the world average. The GNI per capita was 10.1 percent of the world average in 1978, and 32.3 percent in2008. In terms of GNI per capita ranking among 209 countries and regions by the World Bank, China was 130th in 2008 at 2,770 U.S. dollars, up 15 places compared 750 U.S. dollars in 1997.
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