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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Kids and teens struggling with their mental health during the Coronavirus Pandemic and weeks of protests over racial injustice have a new way to cope.BlueShield CA has expanded its Blue Sky program, increasing funding to local mental health organizations and giving kids a platform to share tips on dealing with anxiety and depression."There's a greater need now than ever," says Blue Sky Program Manager Amanda Lasik. "There's a greater need to speak to youth voices and listen and learn from what's going on."According to the CDC, 7.1% of kids age 3-17 have been diagnosed with anxiety, and 3.2% of kids in the same age group have been diagnosed with depression. Experts believe those numbers will rise because of the pandemic and protests.As part of the expansion, Blue Sky partnered with DoSomething.org to launch the "New State of Mind" campaign. Kids send tips for coping to the website, which get published through emails, texts, and social media."The response has been overwhelming," says Lasik. "When we were originally planning this campaign, we thought it'd be great if we got about 17,000 tips. We've already received over 60,000."In addition to the "New State of Mind" effort, Blue Sky has provided 0,000 to 18 youth organizations in San Diego and Alameda county. The money has helped them adapt their services to the challenges of the past few months."It's been a quick transition, but these groups are now offering counseling online, doing arts programming online, and engaging young people online in different ways," says Lasik."We've also heard from the nonprofit community that they just need a little bit of operating support."The money is in addition to the million that BlueShield pledged as part of the Blue Sky initiative last December.RELATED: South Bay schools partner with insurance company to address student mental health challengesFor high school student Joel Castro, connecting with these programs has been empowering."It gives me hope," says Castro. "It's great to see other young people get very passionate about issues and wanting to fix them." 2111

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It's time to put on your thinking cap and prove fact from fiction.The Fleet Science Center welcomes "MythBusters: The Explosive Exhibition" Feb. 24 through Sept. 3, bringing with it all the scientific chaos from the hit Discovery Channel show.The exhibition welcomes San Diegans into an interactive museum of props from the show, myths to bust or prove themselves, and more scientific fun to learn about in exciting ways.EXPLORING SAN DIEGO: More events to check out in San DiegoMythbusters hosts Brian Louden and Jon Lung, who have taken over for former leads Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, spoke with 10News about the new exhibit and what fans of the show — and science, in general — can expect."You finally get to be hands on. You get to be part of MythBusters," Louden said. "In MythBusters, you're always the third man in the room. Well now the room is here at the exhibit and you get to be apart of the show.""Everything you do has a story that comes with it and I think, in terms of retention and learning, it makes everything easier and more fun," Lung added.EXPLORING SAN DIEGO: San Diego restaurants on Yelp's 'Top 100' places to eat this yearVisitors to the exhibit will learn about everything from friction and flight to gravity and speed. Some of the experiences include: 1336

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Mardi Gras is right around the corner, which means San Diegans are getting ready to "laissez les bons temps rouler" (let the good times roll.)Several events this weekend will kick off the local festivities in San Diego. All of it culminating on March 5, known as "Fat Tuesday,"traditionally the last day of the Carnival season.Looking for Kings Cake as well? Try out this delicious recipe from San Diego Family Magazine!Here are some great events you won't want to miss out on:San Diego Mardi Gras Fat Tuesday Celebration When: March 1 - 2, March 5 Where: Gaslamp District Cost: Starts at Mardi Gras gets started early in San Diego's Gaslamp District with 20 parties over the weekend and then for one more night on Fat Tuesday. Tickets get guests access to more than 20 nightclubs, bars, and restaurants, an opening night and finale party, and food and drink specials around downtown.Gaslamp District Mardi Gras Big Easy Bites & Booze TourWhen: March 2Where: Gaslamp DistrictCost: Starting at Enjoy a taste of San Diego and Mardi Gras with 20 Mardi-Gras inspired plates, Carnival cocktails, an exclusive after party at a secret location, and more during the Gaslamp Mardi Grass Big Easy Bites and Booze Tour through downtown.2nd annual Blvd. Mardi Gras CrawlWhen: March 3Where: El Cajon Boulevard, North ParkCost: Tickets are free for - specialsA traveling party will take over North Park's El Cajon Boulevard, bringing guests across local breweries, bars, and restaurants for drink and food specials, led by the Euphoria Brass Band along the way! The final stop will be a party at the Lafayette Hotel for music, dancing, and the best-decorated “Mardi-Bra” contest.Mardi Gras 10K & 5KWhen: March 3Where: Rancho Bernardo Community ParkCost: - Celebrate Mardi Gras and enjoy a Carnival in the park in Rancho Bernardo at the inaugural Mardi Gras 10K & 5K. Hit the scenic trails around RB in colorful Mardi Gras gear and enjoy a finish line festival!Mardi Gras Party at House of BluesWhen: March 5Where: House of Blues San DiegoCost: No cover, open to publicHouse of Blues celebrate Mardi Gras with a party at its restaurant and Voodoo Room, featuring a special food and drink menu, circus and interactie entertainment, and live music by Madame Leroux & Krewe. 17th Annual Hillcrest Mardi GrasWhen: March 5Where: Hillcrest Pride FlagCost: - Hillcrest will host a neighborhood-wide party crawl through the area's best bars, clubs, and music venues. Themed party stops will greet guests with drink deals, collectible beads, giveaways, and live entertainment! 2613

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It's no secret: exploring San Diego is a bit different amid county health orders and the COVID-19 pandemic. But there are still ways to explore safely! We're continuing our weekly look at fun around town with safety in mind.Here are four options for this weekend:Visit Old Town San Diego: While many of Old Town's smaller museums and shops remain closed, areas like the state park, Bazaar del Mundo, and nearby eateries are open for visitors. Businesses that have reopened are abiding by distancing, so guests can feel safe shopping in stores. The state park is also a great area to get some fresh air and distance. More infoCounty fair fun: The San Diego County Fair may be canceled this year, but the Del Mar Fairgrounds is continuing to highlight fair exhibits, foods, and more online and at the fairgrounds. Fair food vendors welcome guests Friday - Sunday throughout June for kettle corn, hot dogs, and more treats and the fair is hosting virtual exhibits showcasing student artwork, photography, and livestock shows. More infoHit the beach: San Diego County's beaches are open for laying out and relaxing, and parking lots, boardwalks, and piers have reopened. With warm temperatures lingering this week, it's the perfect time for a beach day. Just remember to wear a facial covering and practice distancing when near non-household members. More infoCheck out the San Diego Air and Space Museum: Balboa Park's first museum to reopen will be on Friday, as the San Diego Air and Space Museum welcomes guests with increased safety measures like stylus pens for hands-on exhibits, sanitation procedures, and distancing between guests. More info 1673