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Tuition bills are coming due, and while millions of students across the country are weighing the risks of going back to college in the middle of a pandemic, the most financially strapped students carry an added burden of dwindling aid.For Americans living in the lowest income brackets, college represents a way up the socioeconomic ladder. But getting there and obtaining a degree is not easy, especially for students without financial means. The Pell Grant has historically removed some of the obstacles for the most at-need students. But alongside the skyrocketing cost of higher education, the federal grant is having less and less of an impact.The Pell Grant is the largest source of postsecondary education grant aid, helping to fund higher education for at-need students since 1973. In its budget proposal for the 2020-21 school year, the U.S. Department of Education anticipated giving Pell Grants to 6.8 million at-need students, to the tune of .6 billion.How much each student qualifies for depends on their expected family contribution, or how much the federal government says they should be able to contribute toward their own education. Those with the most financial need could qualify for the maximum allowable grant amount: ,345 in the 2020-21 academic year.That authorized maximum amount has grown from ,400 in the Pell Grant’s early years. Despite this growth, it has failed to keep pace with the ballooning costs of a college education.In the past 20 years, average tuition and fees at public four-year institutions (the most affordable type conferring bachelor degrees) have more than doubled, to ,440, while maximum Pell Grant awards have only grown 29%. And tuition isn’t everything — room and board, books and living expenses come at an additional cost.As recently as 2002, the most at-need students would nearly be able to cover their entire tuition and fees at these lower-cost institutions by qualifying for the maximum Pell Grant. But now, those qualifying for maximum Pell awards would find it covers just 59%.Not only has the Pell Grant not kept pace with college costs, it hasn’t kept pace with inflation. To have the same buying power as ,400 did in the grant’s early days, the maximum award amount would need to be about ,000 today.Loans likely filling the funding gapAccording to data from the most recent National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 90% of dependent full-time undergraduates from households in the lowest income quartile received a Pell Grant in 2016. Among independent undergraduates in that income bracket, 64% received the grant.State and institutional need-based grants may be picking up some of the slack. State need-based grants went to 27% of all full-time students at public four-year institutions in 2016. Need-based grants from institutions went to 17%. But some 57% of students in this lowest income group took out student loans that year.While the Pell Grant typically accounted for 34% of a low-income undergraduate’s total aid in 2016, loans accounted for 44%.Gone are the days when a student’s job (or jobs) could cover their college costs. When grants and scholarships — free money — aren’t enough to cover the costs of education, those from households without college savings have little choice but to turn to borrowing. But student loan debt can be detrimental to lower-income students. A degree can confer higher earning potential, but for a variety of reasons — some of them financial — students in the lowest income brackets are typically the least likely to graduate, according to data from the U.S. Department of Education.Low-income parents also feeling the stingWhen a dependent student has exhausted grants and federal loan limits themselves, they can tap their parents’ borrowing potential.Parent PLUS loans have been around since 1980, allowing parents to borrow up to the difference between the entire cost of attendance and the aid directly awarded to their student. Borrowers must pass a credit check, but there are no income requirements. As of the second quarter of 2020, these loans account for billion or over 6% of all federal student loans outstanding, according to the Department of Education.In 2016, 11% of dependent full-time students in the lowest income quartile at public four-year institutions benefited from federal parent PLUS loans, according to the NPSAS. That’s compared to just 3% in 1996. These loans typically amounted to ,500 in 2016.Federal PLUS loans come with higher interest rates and fewer repayment options than federal student loans. In the 2020-21 school year, PLUS loans are being offered at 5.3% interest compared with 2.75% for federal undergraduate loans. And should a parent run into difficulties repaying the loans — as they increasingly do, according to an analysis from the Brookings Institution — there is only one income-driven plan available. Income-Contingent Repayment plans lower monthly payments by capping them at a percentage of income, but increase the total amount paid over the life of the loan due to interest and an increased term length.What students can doBarring significant increases in need-based aid or significant decreases in college costs, lower-income students and their parents will often have to continue cobbling together their college funds from a variety of sources.The following tips are applicable for anyone who doesn’t have their entire cost of college covered:Maximize free money. Fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, on time — every year. It’s how you access federal, state and institutional financial aid. Apply for scholarships every year, and only turn to loans when free money is exhausted.Be strategic about borrowing. Borrow only what’s needed and opt for federal student loans whenever possible. Carefully weigh the risks of borrowing a parent PLUS loan versus a private student loan, should education expenses exceed what you can qualify for.Compare costs across institutions. Don’t commit too quickly — weigh all costs associated with attending various schools, and consider starting your college career at a lower-cost community college.Earn while you learn. Look into the work-study program or a part-time job to earn money while in school.Stay committed. Seek out resources on and off campus to stay engaged and enrolled. Leaving college without the increased earning power of a degree makes student loan debt that much harder to pay off.More From NerdWalletHow a Gap Year Might Haunt You FinanciallyDon’t Wait to Refinance These Student Loans‘Shadow’ Lenders Can Leave College Students in the DarkElizabeth Renter is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: elizabeth@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @elizabethrenter. 6721

U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin will not be participating in an investor conference in Saudi Arabia.Other top finance leaders — including three in Britain, France and Holland — have also withdrawn amid growing controversy over dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance and apparent killing.Mnuchin said on Wednesday that he would make the decision based on Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's briefing to President Donald Trump on his visit earlier this week to Riyadh to discuss the Khashoggi case.Pompeo said Thursday that he advised Trump to give the Saudis "a few more days" to investigate.Mnuchin had repeatedly said he plans to attend the Future Investment Initiative pending new information about the case, even as details reported in the Turkish and American press about the fate of the Washington Post columnist's fate have grown increasingly gory.Turkish investigators wearing hazmat suits searched the Saudi consul general's residence in Istanbul on Wednesday, looking for clues to what happened to Khashoggi amid growing indications that the men allegedly responsible for the journalist's death have close ties to the highest levels of the Saudi government.Sources told CNN that a group of Saudi men whom Turkish officials believe are connected to Khashoggi's apparent killing were led by a high-ranking intelligence officer, with one source saying he was close to the inner circle of the kingdom's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.Emerging details have triggered a number of top government officials to withdraw from participating in the event, including UK Trade Minister Liam Fox."The Secretary of State for International Trade has decided the time is not right for him to attend the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh on 23 October," said a UK government spokesman in a statement Thursday. "The UK remains very concerned about Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance."The statement continued: "We encourage Turkish-Saudi collaboration and look forward to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia conducting a thorough, credible, transparent, and prompt investigation, as announced. Those bearing responsibility for his disappearance must be held to account."French finance minister Bruno Le Maire also said Thursday he's canceling his plans to attend next week's conference, dubbed "Davos in the Desert.""The conditions have not yet been met for me to go to Riyadh," Le Maire told French television's Public Senat. "The facts are serious and we want to know the truth", the minister said.Dutch Finance Minister Wopke Hoekstra also withdrew on Thursday. A source familiar with the matter told CNN that "the minister is not going" to the Saudi conference. The finance minister was expected to submit a letter to the Dutch Parliament later Thursday formally confirming he is not attending.Mnuchin told reporters during a Treasury press event Wednesday alongside Mexico's finance minister that he would make a decision Thursday. "We're going to revisit the decision again tomorrow," Mnuchin said. "So for now we are. We're going to make a decision tomorrow based on Secretary Pompeo's report."Mnuchin's attendance at the event has become a benchmark of the administration's response to the growing Saudi controversy as top bank executives and investors have dropped out.Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund, dropped out on Wednesday along with the heads of two major French banks: BNP Paribas and Societe Generale.In recent days, Trump has repeatedly come to the defense of Saudi Arabia, saying the country's crown prince "totally denied" knowledge about the suspected death of the Washington Post journalist and said answers into the matter would be coming "shortly." 3742

US Attorney General Jeff Sessions has asked senior federal prosecutors to "evaluate certain issues" presented by House Republicans, including alleged ties between the Clinton Foundation and the sale of Uranium One.The Obama-era sale of the Canadian uranium mining company to Russia's Atomic Energy Agency, Rosatom, is already being investigated by House Republicans. The deal was approved in 2010, when Hillary Clinton was secretary of state. Although the claims have not been proven, some Republicans, including President Donald Trump, have alleged that Russian interests sought to donate to the Clinton Foundation to persuade Clinton to support the deal.In a letter to House judiciary committee chairman Bob Goodlatte, assistant attorney general Stephen Boyd said the senior prosecutors will make recommendations to the attorney general and deputy general on whether "any matters not currently under investigation should be opened, whether any matters currently under investigation require further resources, or whether any merit the appointment of a special counsel."Monday's letter comes after public criticisms of the Justice Department's focus from Trump, who has bemoaned the fact that he can't give direction to the agency."Everybody is asking why the Justice Department (and FBI) isn't looking into all of the dishonesty going on with Crooked Hillary & the Dems," Trump said in a series of tweets on November 3. "...New Donna B book says she paid for and stole the Dem Primary. What about the deleted E-mails, Uranium, Podesta, the Server, plus, plus... People are angry. At some point the Justice Department, and the FBI, must do what is right and proper. The American public deserves it!"Goodlatte and other Republicans on the House judiciary committee sent two letters to Sessions and deputy attorney general Rod Rosenstein, dated July 27, 2017?and September 26, 2017, asking for the appointment of another special counsel to look into "matters that appear to be outside the scope of special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation."Mueller is currently heading up a special counsel investigation into possible ties between the Trump campaign and Russia.The Washington Post previously reported on Boyd's letter Monday."The Department of Justice ... takes seriously its responsibility to provide timely and accurate information to Congress on issues of public interest, and seeks to do so in a non-political manner that is consistent with the Department's litigation, law enforcement, and national security responsibilities," Boyd wrote.The letter from Boyd also makes reference to a previous correspondence sent to Goodlatte and others from the Department's Inspector General from January 12, 2017, regarding a review of allegations surrounding the FBI's investigation into Hillary Clinton's private email server.During Sessions' confirmation hearing, Sessions told Sen. Chuck Grassley he would recuse himself from any investigation pertaining to the Clinton email investigation and anything relating to the Clinton Foundation. 3130

UPDATE: The fire was 100 percent contained at 250 acres by Friday at 6:20 p.m. All lanes of SR-78 reopened by 5 p.m.RAMONA, Calif. (KGTV) -- Crews Thursday stopped the forward rate of spread of the Rangeland Fire burning in the Pasqual Valley near Ramona. The blaze started along San Pasqual Valley Road around 1 p.m. near the San Dieguito River Trail and quickly grew to 250 acres. The fire is 60 percent contained. The eastbound lanes on State Route 78 closed at Bandy Canyon Road due to the fire, but are expected to reopen by 10 p.m. The 78 will be down to one lane on Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m.  Highland Valley Road was also closed between Bandy Canyon and Archie Moore Road due to a big rig that was stuck on the road.  803

Two people were arrested on Friday and charged with endangering a child after overdosing and leaving a baby in a hot car in Canton.Stark County sheriff's deputies were dispatched after reports of two people lying on the ground from a possible overdose. When the first deputy arrived on the scene, a man, Cody Powell, was lying on the ground on his back. He appeared to be pale, was turning blue and was not breathing, according to the deputy's report. A woman, Michelle Hall, was lying on top of him by his legs.According to a witness who was holding the baby, she said she was driving through the parking lot when she saw two people lying on the ground. When she went to check it out, she noticed there was a baby in the back seat sweating profusely, so she took the baby out of the car and gave her water, according to the report. In her written statement, the witness said it was about 80 degrees outside.Another witness told authorities he was driving when he also noticed the two people lying on the ground and called 911. 1050