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Too few new antibiotics are under development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, according to a new World Health Organization report published Tuesday. Adding to the concern: It is likely that the speed of increasing resistance will outpace the slow drug development process.As of May, a total of 51 antibiotics and 11 biologicals -- medical products often made from natural sources -- are being developed, the new report said."The idea is that biologicals could replace use of antibiotics, which could help in overcoming the resistance problem," Peter Beyer, an author of the report and senior adviser to the WHO's Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, wrote in an email.Seemingly, this large number of potential new drugs should suffice, yet it is not nearly enough.First, just 33 of the antibiotics in the pipeline target priority pathogens. This year, the WHO published a list of a dozen "priority pathogens": 12 separate families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.Among the priority pathogens is a drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills about 250,000 people around the world each year, and a variety of multidrug resistant strains -- Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae -- which are responsible for infections in hospitals and nursing homes and among patients whose care requires ventilators and catheters.Of the 33 potential medicines for treating priority bug infections, only eight are innovative treatments. The other 25 are simple modifications of existing families of antibiotics. At best, then, the 25 will serve as short-term solutions since it is expected bacteria will quickly adapt to and resist these new (though somewhat familiar) drugs, according to the WHO."It is difficult to speculate why companies develop specific new medicines," Beyer noted. "But in general many new treatments do not necessarily constitute advances over existing treatments."TB infections require a combination of at least three antibiotics, according to the new report, yet only seven of the new TB medicines are even in clinical trials. Soon, there will be a serious lack of treatment options for this infection, the report warns.The same is true for gram-negative pathogens, which can cause severe, often deadly infections typically in hospitals and nursing homes.Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls than gram-positive, explained Beyer. "In a nutshell, it is more complex to develop a novel antibiotic that can penetrate the complex gram-negative cell wall and stay inside the bacterium," he wrote.Finally, the WHO sees too few oral antibiotics being developed. These are necessary "to target the critical priority pathogens (and) be accessible in low- and middle-income countries," Beyer noted.To address the problem of developing new antibiotics, the WHO and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative set up the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership. However, new drugs alone cannot combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The WHO is also working to improve infection prevention and control while developing guidance for the responsible use of antibiotics."Always seek medical advice before taking antibiotics and then always follow the advice of the health-care professional," Beyer noted.The new report is a "fantastic (and very useful!) summary" of the antibiotic situation, wrote Bill Hanage, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in an email. Hanage, who has also published studies of antibiotic resistance, was not involved in the new report.Although the risk of getting a completely resistant infection is low in the United States, about 2 million people each year become infected with "resistant enough" bacteria that are harder to treat, Hanage said. And every year, more than 20,000 people die of these infections."More resistant infections don't just mean you or someone you care about is more likely to die from one, they also mean healthcare will get even more expensive," Hanage said. "Many of the procedures we take for granted in medicine, from cancer treatments to surgeries, depend on our ability to handle infections that happen in the course of treatment."The number of new drugs in development is simply not enough, he said."The great majority will not make it into the hands of doctors or your treatment," Hanage wrote. "As the report states, for drugs to be used in humans they have to pass 3 hurdles, the phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. Drugs entering that pipeline have just a 14% chance of getting all the way through to be used in humans." 4676

Tom Wolfe, the innovative journalist and author who wrote such best-selling masterpieces as "The Bonfire of the Vanities" and "The Right Stuff" has passed away.Wolfe, 88, had been hospitalized with an infection and died Monday, according to his agent Lynn Nesbit.Wolfe started as a reporter at the Springfield (Massachusetts) Union before moving onto the Washington Post. He moved to New York in 1962 to join the New York Herald-Tribune and remained in the city for the rest of his life. 495

This undated image released by the Alabama Department of Archives and History shows Alabama's 1901 Constitution, which was intended to maintain white supremacy in the state. With the nation focused on racial justice because of the police killings of George Floyd and other Black people, state voters are being asked to remove racist phrases from the document once and for all. While no organized opposition has emerged, some worry that a conservative backlash against protests over racial injustice could harm the chances for passage. (AP Photo/Alabama Department of Archives and History) 596

They're called the religious nones--a diverse group made up of atheists, agnostics, the spiritual, and those with no specific organized religion in particular. And over the years, this population has continued to grow, with millennials increasingly driving the growth. "I think many of us are finding connections in spirituality in ways that for our parents would seem quite odd, but for us, feel more relevant and feel more authentic," said Jill Filipovic, a columnist and author of the book OK Boomer, Let's Talk: How My Generation Got Left Behind.A millennial herself, Filipovic considers herself a part of this growing trend."I don't affiliate formally with any of these religious beliefs. I would qualify myself as religious none, even though I'm culturally Christian," said Filipovic. The Pew Research Center found just 27 percent of millennials say they attend religious services on a weekly basis, compared to 38 percent of baby boomers. And only about half of millennials--adults born between 1981 and 1996--say they believe in God with absolute certainty, and only about 1 in 10 millennials say religion is very important in their lives."Millennials, as I said, are relatively progressive people, and the Catholic Church is a formal patriarchy. It's an organization in which women are formally barred from being in positions of power," said Filipovic. The Pew Research Center says religious nones are growing faster among Democrats than Republicans, though their ranks are swelling in both partisan coalitions.But while less religious, millennials are still likely to engage in spiritual practices."It doesn't surprise me to see spirituality on the rise; it's such a key part of the human condition to want to understand why am I here, what is my purpose."The trends are not going unnoticed by religious institutions like the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego, which created the Young Adult Ministry to connect young adults to the Catholic Church."That's where we start to cultivate relationships and just bring us all the baggage, bring us all the stuff that you have questions about, and let's just talk about it," said Patrick Rivera, director of Young Adult Ministries.Rivera says before the pandemic, they would hold social events that don't necessarily feel religious."We have Theology on Tap, where we'll go to a bar or a parish hall, we'll bring in our own kegs and speakers and live musicians and have a theological discussion," said Rivera.He says the effort has been a sort of rebranding of the church. "One of the hardest parts for me in the last few years has been the rise of different scandals and things that have come up," said Rivera.Through conversation and social events, he says they're working to connect with marginalized groups like the LGBTQ community, who've historically felt ostracized from the church."That's the issue we want to try and resolve. It doesn't necessarily matter how you enter into faith or community, the community is still there longing to accept you as you are," said Rivera. "Definitely LGBT community is an area that we seek to try to mend some of the damages we've seen done across the previous generation or so from the church."A young adult ministry coordinator, Daniel Godinez, was 27 when he reconnected with the Catholic church."I didn't have the right friendships, I didn't have the right connections, it all came down to a moment of emptiness in my life," said Godinez.Despite having a great job and friends, he says life's pleasures were not fulfilling him. In 2012, an old friend invited him to a church retreat, which Godinez believes was God calling him back home. "It was absolutely tough, not having support from your friends at that moment when you're going through that transition process, I think is probably the toughest thing you can encounter at that moment in life," said Godinez.Godinez is now the Young Adult Ministry Coordinator at Most Precious Blood in Chula Vista and married to a woman he met through the church.Rivera says COVID-19 has impacted the church's ability to reach new people; rather than large gatherings, they must rely on small events to continue outreach. However, Rivera says it's allowed them more opportunities to focus on the one-on-one small-scale relationship model."It's one person at a time for us," said Rivera. 4331

Thursday was supposed to mark the second of three presidential debates between Joe Biden and Donald Trump.Instead, Trump and Biden will hold town hall forums on opposite networks in a hope to sway voters to the polls by November 3. The town hall forums will air Thursday evening at 8 p.m.How we got hereIn the two weeks since the last debate, Trump tested positive for the coronavirus as dozens of others who had contact with Trump around the time of the debate also tested positive for the virus. Also, revelations surfaced that Trump’s travel party did not follow the debate’s coronavirus guidelines at the Sept. 30 meeting in Cleveland.As a result, the Commission on President Debates announced last week the debate scheduled for Oct. 15 would be held virtually. Wanting no part of a virtual debate, Trump immediately retracted his participation in the debate, and instead his campaign said it would hold a rally.Meanwhile, Biden said he’d opt to hold a televised town hall forum on Thursday.On Wednesday, NBC News announced that Trump had agreed to participate in a town hall at the same time.When/where to watchBiden’s town hall will begin at 8 p.m. ET live in all time zones. The town hall will air live on ABC, ABC News Live on streaming platforms, YouTube, Twitter and Facebook. ABC News anchor George Stephanopoulos will moderate.Trump’s town hall will also begin at 8 p.m. ET live in all time zones. The town hall will air live on NBC, MSNBC and CNBC, stream on NBC News NOW and be available in Spanish on Telemundo’s digital platforms. NBC News’ Savannah Guthrie will moderate.Biden’s town hall is slated to last 90 minutes, while Trump’s will go 60 minutes.NBC News took criticism from some on social media for opting to hold the town hall at the same time as Biden’s event. The concurrent town halls will leave swing viewers having to pick one of the candidates to watch. Stephanopoulos hosted a town hall with Trump and voters last month, while Biden did a town hall with NBC News’ Lester Holt a week ago.FormatUnlike debates, town hall forum responses have no time limit, which allows for deeper discussions on topics. Based on recent town hall forums, the coronavirus and the economic fallout will likely be key topics.Also of note is that Trump has largely avoided taking questions from reporters since being diagnosed with the coronavirus. It would not be surprising to see direct questions posed to Trump on holding large events without masks amid a pandemic. 2486