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Diana Farrell is the President and CEO of the JPMorgan Chase Institute, which publishes data analyses and insights that leverage the firm's proprietary transaction data. Previously, Diana was the Deputy Director of the National Economic Council, as well as Global Head of the McKinsey Center for Government and the McKinsey Global Institute. The opinions expressed are her own. The deadline to file your 2017 taxes is just a week away. But if you're one of the millions of Americans — roughly four in ten households — who filed back in February, you probably couldn't wait to get your hands on your expected refund.And there's a good chance you put that refund toward a visit to the doctor.That's according to new research by the JPMorgan Chase Institute, which evaluated when Americans in different income and demographic groups file their taxes.Americans who file their taxes early are more likely to receive a larger tax refund. Early filers were also more likely to spend a larger portion of their refund on health care.Related: How to save money on health care in retirementIn fact, American families increase their health care spending by 60% in the very week they receive a tax refund. And those who received their refunds in February increased their health care spending over the following 76 days by 38%, compared with a 22% increase for those who received refunds in March and an 11% increase in April or May.While some high-deductible health plans encourage early-year spending, JPMorgan found that deductibles aren't the motivating force behind this surge.Instead, among the earliest filers, 64% of their health care spending went to services they had been putting off, including dental visits, hospital visits and in-person doctor appointments.What does this mean? It's increasingly clear that families are treating their tax refunds as a zero-interest savings vehicle, the funds of which they're using for important and sometimes crucial expenses like health care.That's problematic for Americans' financial health, because the IRS does not currently give taxpayers control over the timing of their refund payments, outside of choosing when to file your annual refund between January and Tax Day in April. This means it can be challenging or unrealistic to only schedule payments or purchases around your tax refund every spring.It also poses problems for Americans' physical health, because those who rely on this cash infusion to afford health care are likely to delay care.Related: Americans spend more on health care, but have shorter livesGenerally speaking, young people under the age of 35 and those whose take-home pay is less than ,000 are more likely to be early filers because they have a greater need for this cash infusion.Another reason for filing early could be that low-income families are more likely to receive refundable tax credits, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit, money that is not available except through a tax refund. Across all income and age groups, though, people who are owed a larger refund are more likely to file early.Given the link between tax refunds and health care spending, policymakers and employers should consider making changes that would allow consumers to access funds throughout the year. Policymakers might consider offering periodic tax refund payments -- perhaps quarterly payments so that families wouldn't have to defer care until tax season.Another solution is to make the timing of these payments even more flexible and frequent for those who require urgent health care. This could include an option to apply for emergency funds taken out of your upcoming refund, or an option to file at a different time of year and receive a refund based on year-to-date income.Related: How to file your taxes for the first timeBy fixing one of the largest cash flow events to happen between mid-February and mid-May every year, we're virtually guaranteeing that some Americans will have to defer care.Finally, we should encourage employers to offer alternative savings vehicles, like an employer-based sidecar account. This account would share many of the same features of a tax refund, but give consumers more direct control over when they access funds.These could include built-in commitments and "set-it-and-forget-it" transparency, which would enable consumers the option of a one-time payroll election that recurs with every paycheck, locking them into an annual savings choice similar to other employer-sponsored benefits.By better understanding the connection between health care spending and tax season, we can help more families manage their finances to ensure they're getting health care when they need it, not just when they file to Uncle Sam.The-CNN-Wire 4734

Did you know George Washington's teeth weren't actually made of wood, as the story goes?Some believe it was said his teeth were wooden because of the dark stains caused by the wine President Washington liked to drink. They were actually made of ivory, gold and lead, according to mountvernon.org.There are lots of interesting facts about the men who have served as U.S. President for the last couple of centuries. Test your knowledge: We've put together a quiz in honor of Presidents Day. 501

Early spring is a wonderful time for tax scammers — the weather gets warmer, flowers start blooming and there’s a fresh crop of taxpayers to prey on. Tax scammers come up with all sorts of way to stalk their targets. Here are a few schemes on the IRS’ radar.1. The one where they call and threaten to arrest you 319

Dr. Anthony Fauci warned Sunday that even if a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, it still may not yield herd immunity.In an interview with the Aspen Institute on Sunday, Fauci — the U.S.'s top infectious disease expert — said he would settle for a vaccine that is between 70 and 75% effective."I doubt seriously that any vaccine will ever be a hundred percent protective. The best we've ever done is measles, which is 97 to 98% effective. That would be wonderful if we get there. I don't think we will," Fauci said. "I would settle for 70, 75% effective vaccine because that would bring you to that level of would-be herd immunity level."But a CNN poll says one-third of Americans do not plan to get a vaccine if it becomes available. Fauci said Sunday that if those figures hold true and a potential COVID-19 vaccine is only 75% effective, the U.S. population would not reach the herd immunity threshold that would kill the virus."That's one of the reasons why we have to make sure we engage the community as we're doing now to get community people, to help us for people to understand that we are doing everything we can to show that it's safe and that it's effective," Fauci said. "And it's for the good of them as individuals and in society to take the vaccine."Three coronavirus vaccines are expected to be studied in large-scale clinical trials in the next three months.Herd immunity comes when a sufficient portion of a population is immune to an infectious disease. That can come either come through prior illness or vaccination, making the disease unlikely to spread further. 1594

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, reassured children over the weekend that he personally visited Santa Claus at the North Pole, and vaccinated him.Appearing on a CNN Town Hall that educated children on the coronavirus, several children submitted questions on whether Santa would be able to visit them amid the pandemic.“I have to say I took care of that for you because I was worried you all would be upset,” Fauci told the children. “I took a trip up there to the North Pole. I went there and I vaccinated Santa Claus myself. I measured his level of immunity. He is good to go. He can come down the chimney.”Fauci added, “You have nothing to worry about.”Fauci did not indicate which vaccine he injected Santa with. There are currently two coronavirus vaccines that have garnered an emergency use authorization from the FDA. A vaccine produced by Pfizer, which studies indicate has a 95% efficacy rate, began being administered in the US last week. A second coronavirus vaccine, which is produced by Moderna and has a 94% efficacy rate, began being administered today.Other than Santa, front-line health care workers and those living and working in assisted care facilities were among the first to get the vaccine. Also, some leaders in Washington, including Vice President Mike Pence and President-elect Joe Biden, have also received the vaccine.Fauci was asked on Saturday by children when they can expect to be vaccinated. Currently, the two vaccines are not recommended for children.Fauci explained that in order to protect children, it is important for a vaccine to demonstrate efficacy among children before administering it.“The reason why you are not hearing about vaccinating children right now is because we want to wait a month or two,” Fauci said. “We are looking at January, we are going to start some trials in children. We’ll start with children who are a bit older and work our way down so that hopefully within a few months, we’ll be able to tell children, when I know we’ll be able to say, that the vaccine is ‘safe and effective in you.’” 2122