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Tuition bills are coming due, and while millions of students across the country are weighing the risks of going back to college in the middle of a pandemic, the most financially strapped students carry an added burden of dwindling aid.For Americans living in the lowest income brackets, college represents a way up the socioeconomic ladder. But getting there and obtaining a degree is not easy, especially for students without financial means. The Pell Grant has historically removed some of the obstacles for the most at-need students. But alongside the skyrocketing cost of higher education, the federal grant is having less and less of an impact.The Pell Grant is the largest source of postsecondary education grant aid, helping to fund higher education for at-need students since 1973. In its budget proposal for the 2020-21 school year, the U.S. Department of Education anticipated giving Pell Grants to 6.8 million at-need students, to the tune of .6 billion.How much each student qualifies for depends on their expected family contribution, or how much the federal government says they should be able to contribute toward their own education. Those with the most financial need could qualify for the maximum allowable grant amount: ,345 in the 2020-21 academic year.That authorized maximum amount has grown from ,400 in the Pell Grant’s early years. Despite this growth, it has failed to keep pace with the ballooning costs of a college education.In the past 20 years, average tuition and fees at public four-year institutions (the most affordable type conferring bachelor degrees) have more than doubled, to ,440, while maximum Pell Grant awards have only grown 29%. And tuition isn’t everything — room and board, books and living expenses come at an additional cost.As recently as 2002, the most at-need students would nearly be able to cover their entire tuition and fees at these lower-cost institutions by qualifying for the maximum Pell Grant. But now, those qualifying for maximum Pell awards would find it covers just 59%.Not only has the Pell Grant not kept pace with college costs, it hasn’t kept pace with inflation. To have the same buying power as ,400 did in the grant’s early days, the maximum award amount would need to be about ,000 today.Loans likely filling the funding gapAccording to data from the most recent National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 90% of dependent full-time undergraduates from households in the lowest income quartile received a Pell Grant in 2016. Among independent undergraduates in that income bracket, 64% received the grant.State and institutional need-based grants may be picking up some of the slack. State need-based grants went to 27% of all full-time students at public four-year institutions in 2016. Need-based grants from institutions went to 17%. But some 57% of students in this lowest income group took out student loans that year.While the Pell Grant typically accounted for 34% of a low-income undergraduate’s total aid in 2016, loans accounted for 44%.Gone are the days when a student’s job (or jobs) could cover their college costs. When grants and scholarships — free money — aren’t enough to cover the costs of education, those from households without college savings have little choice but to turn to borrowing. But student loan debt can be detrimental to lower-income students. A degree can confer higher earning potential, but for a variety of reasons — some of them financial — students in the lowest income brackets are typically the least likely to graduate, according to data from the U.S. Department of Education.Low-income parents also feeling the stingWhen a dependent student has exhausted grants and federal loan limits themselves, they can tap their parents’ borrowing potential.Parent PLUS loans have been around since 1980, allowing parents to borrow up to the difference between the entire cost of attendance and the aid directly awarded to their student. Borrowers must pass a credit check, but there are no income requirements. As of the second quarter of 2020, these loans account for billion or over 6% of all federal student loans outstanding, according to the Department of Education.In 2016, 11% of dependent full-time students in the lowest income quartile at public four-year institutions benefited from federal parent PLUS loans, according to the NPSAS. That’s compared to just 3% in 1996. These loans typically amounted to ,500 in 2016.Federal PLUS loans come with higher interest rates and fewer repayment options than federal student loans. In the 2020-21 school year, PLUS loans are being offered at 5.3% interest compared with 2.75% for federal undergraduate loans. And should a parent run into difficulties repaying the loans — as they increasingly do, according to an analysis from the Brookings Institution — there is only one income-driven plan available. Income-Contingent Repayment plans lower monthly payments by capping them at a percentage of income, but increase the total amount paid over the life of the loan due to interest and an increased term length.What students can doBarring significant increases in need-based aid or significant decreases in college costs, lower-income students and their parents will often have to continue cobbling together their college funds from a variety of sources.The following tips are applicable for anyone who doesn’t have their entire cost of college covered:Maximize free money. Fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, on time — every year. It’s how you access federal, state and institutional financial aid. Apply for scholarships every year, and only turn to loans when free money is exhausted.Be strategic about borrowing. Borrow only what’s needed and opt for federal student loans whenever possible. Carefully weigh the risks of borrowing a parent PLUS loan versus a private student loan, should education expenses exceed what you can qualify for.Compare costs across institutions. Don’t commit too quickly — weigh all costs associated with attending various schools, and consider starting your college career at a lower-cost community college.Earn while you learn. Look into the work-study program or a part-time job to earn money while in school.Stay committed. Seek out resources on and off campus to stay engaged and enrolled. Leaving college without the increased earning power of a degree makes student loan debt that much harder to pay off.More From NerdWalletHow a Gap Year Might Haunt You FinanciallyDon’t Wait to Refinance These Student Loans‘Shadow’ Lenders Can Leave College Students in the DarkElizabeth Renter is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: elizabeth@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @elizabethrenter. 6721

Uber's IPO will likely arrive before the end of the decade.CEO Dara Khosrowshahi confirmed on Thursday that the company's "target" is to go public in 2019. The move is a departure from his predecessor, Uber co-founder Travis Kalanick, who had tried to put off an IPO as long as possible."We have all of the disadvantages of being a public company, as far as the spotlight on us, without any of the advantages of being a public company," Khosrowshahi said on stage at the New York Times DealBook Conference in Manhattan."Travis and the whole board now agree that we should just go public," he added.Uber currently has a valuation of billion, which makes it the most highly valued startup in the world. The company has raised more than billion in capital since its founding in 2009.SoftBank, the Japanese conglomerate, has also been in discussions with Uber for a massive private investment expected to total in the billions. Khosrowshahi expressed confidence about getting Uber's entire board on the same page and closing the deal."There's negotiations going on," he said. "They've probably taken longer than they should have, but we're gonna get there."The event marked Khosrowshahi's first extensive interview since taking over as Uber's CEO two months ago. In the conversation, he spoke candidly about his early doubts about the job given Uber's numerous PR crises at the time."It was this media circus that honestly I didn't want any part of," said Khosrowshahi, describing his initial feelings when he received a call about the CEO search. Khosrowshahi was then the CEO of Expedia. A friend, Spotify CEO Daniel Ek, later talked him into taking the opportunity seriously.Before joining the company, Khosrowshahi reviewed the company's financial and legal issues, as well as reading the blog post from a former engineer that rocked Uber with allegations of sexual harassment. However, he did not ask to read a report on the failures of Uber's reckless company culture put together by former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder."The culture went wrong, and the governance of the company went wrong and the board went in a very bad direction," Khosrowshahi said. "But if the product is good, then if you can bring in good leadership, you can ultimately bring it together."Earlier this week, Khosrowshahi published a new set of "cultural norms" for the company, replacing Uber's "win at all costs" mentality with greater emphasis on corporate responsibility and inclusion. One of the norms: "We do the right thing. Period."But one of the biggest obstacles for Khosrowshahi's turnaround effort at Uber may be Kalanick. The former CEO continues to serve on Uber's board. In late September, Kalanick blindsided the company by using his power to appoint two new board members.Khosrowshahi admitted Kalanick wants to be more a part of the company than he currently is."It's a good relationship, but it comes with balance. What I told Travis very early on is that any new CEO needs space and needs distance from the old CEO," Khosrowshahi said. "I was a little worried about that conversation, but actually he took it very well and he's been very respectful."Khosrowshahi said he does anticipate leaning on Travis for insights on the business at a later date. "Over a period of time," he said, "I would be foolish not to use Travis's incredible genius and his knowledge that really was largely responsible for getting the company to where it is now."  3463

Two people were found dead in a South Euclid, Ohio home early Saturday morning following a 12-hour standoff tied to the investigation of a Beachwood, Ohio doctor who was found shot to death on Thursday.Around 7:30 p.m Friday, SWAT converged on a second house belonging to Dr. Richard Warn in the 4300 block of Elmwood Road to serve a warrant with homicide detectives. Warn was found dead the previous day inside his Beachwood home on Brentwood Road.SWAT officers made entry into the residence using an armored vehicle and were met with gunfire. Authorities retreated and over the next 12 hours attempted to make contact with the people inside. On Saturday morning SWAT entered the house and found two white males dead inside, police said.The Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigation is processing the scene for evidence.Police said the two men were persons of interest in the doctor's death. Their identities have not been released, and it's not known how they died.Watch the press conference regarding the SWAT standoff below: 1052

Twitter says it will begin removing misinformation about COVID-19 vaccinations from its site. That includes false claims that the virus is not real, debunked claims about the effects of receiving the vaccine. It will also remove baseless claims suggesting immunizations and vaccines are used to intentionally cause harm or to control people. Twitter said in a blog post on Wednesday that it will start enforcing the new policy next week. If people send tweets in violation of the rules, they will be required to delete them before they are able to tweet again. Before the offending tweet is removed, Twitter will hide it from view.Starting early next year, Twitter said it may label tweets that advance "unsubstantiated rumors, disputed claims, as well as incomplete or out-of-context information about vaccines" but may not be removed, instead be linked to "authoritative public health information" on the social media company's rules page that'll "provide people with additional context and authoritative information about COVID-19." 1043

VALLEY CENTER, Calif. (KGTV) — A nine-hour standoff between San Diego SWAT officers and a Valley Center man ended with the suspect peacefully surrendering to authorities.William Halverson was arrested hours after the standoff unfolded in the early hours Saturday. He faces multiple charges, including domestic violence, elder abuse, and felon in possession of a firearm, according to San Diego Sheriff's Department.Deputies were called to a home in the 12000 block of Lilac Knolls Road just after 10 p.m. Friday over a verbal argument. When authorities contacted the victim inside the residence, they say they learned a dependent adult was immobilized inside.Halverson made several statements he would "kill anyone who come on his property, including law enforcement," SDSO says. The victim heard Halverson chamber a shotgun, deputies say, and knew of multiple weapons inside the house.A SWAT unit and SDSO Crisis Negotiation Team responded and urged Halverson to surrender.Halverson was arrested at about 9 a.m. and booked into Vista Detention Facility. 1062

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