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MOSCOW, April 12 (Xinhua) -- Does life exist on other planets beyond the solar system? Are there any other planets like the Earth in our universe? And what does the universe look like?On questions related to outer space, human beings have never stopped observing and thinking.Yuri Gagarin, who made the first manned space flight on April 12, 1961, and orbited Earth for 108 minutes before safely landing, opened a window named "space" to humankind. The Soviet cosmonaut's journey continues to be an inspiration for the world to "conquer" space -- but now for more peaceful purposes.After the Cold War, cooperation on space exploration and scientific researches has turned to a more pragmatic way. More and more countries are realizing that space programs are closely linked with their people's lives than ever before.GAGARIN'S LEGACY INSPIRES PEACEFUL COOPERATION IN SPACEThe UN General Assembly adopted a resolution earlier this month that declares April 12 the International Day of Human Space Flight. The resolution has been supported by more than 60 countries."Man's space odyssey, the fruitful cooperation of many states in outer space would have been impossible without the very first step, Yuri Gagarin's flight," said Vitaly Churkin, Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations.However, the first human space flight was actually a result of competition between the East and the West at the height of the Cold War when the Berlin Wall was built.That competition gradually evolved, however, into a joint space project that has drawn more than 15 nations -- the International Space Station (ISS). Such a project would almost impossible to imagine before.The Mars-500 project in Moscow, aimed at testing the physical and psychological strains on humans during a 500-day journey to "Mars," is another good example of the international cooperation in scientific research. The experiment included six crew members from four countries, including Russia, China, France and Italy.Compared with the times of Gagarin, who died in a 1968 plane crash,mankind has changed its approach to space exploration, rendering it more pragmatic. That's according to cosmonaut Pavel Vinogradov, now a deputy head of the Space Flight Center in the Energy Rocket-Space Corporation."Early romanticism and space race have gone. Countries have been replaced by the business-oriented cooperation in the recent decade," Vinogradov told Xinhua.Experts said the scale and costs of space explorations require massive international cooperation."Space programs have been more money-thirsty even than military programs, so the nations seek closer cooperation," Vinogradov said, "and this pays off."STARDUST YIELDS TO PRAGMATISMUnlike 50 years ago, space technologies now are more closely linked to people and more directly affect their daily lives. Nowadays, one just cannot imagine life without satellite TV or GPS.Veteran cosmonaut Georgy Grechko said orbits have become construction sites rather than military facilities and the space industry itself has swiftly evolved into just another sector of the global economy.Echoing Grechko, Vinogradov said space also is a testing ground for many other sectors, including the bio-technological and pharmaceutical industries."What is just as important, outer space has turned into a platform for close, open, and fruitful international cooperation for the benefits of global, universal peace and development," Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has said.UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss has said that the newly established International Day of Human Space Flight should serve as an opportunity to reflect on the importance of peaceful use of space to develop essential technologies and scientific breakthroughs."Space technology is used in matters diverse, such as the fight against climate change, against desertification, and against the loss of biodiversity," Deiss said. "The satellite images provided have given essential data when it comes to avoiding the risks of natural disasters."So far, mankind has never stopped making progress beyond the earth's boundaries and the progress itself has never stopped sparking people's imagination about what is possible through the peaceful use and exploration of outer space.What's more, humankind has never stopped the space dream."The task of the government is to inject into the people an ability to dream," said Igor Zadorin, a member of Russia's National Strategy Council.Here is interesting news: NASA's head Charles Bolden arrived in Russia on the eve of Gagarin's flight anniversary and was expected to discuss Russia-U.S. cooperation on a joint flight to Mars by a nuclear-powered spacecraft.What can we expect in the future?

WASHINGTON, May 27 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Treasury Department said in a report released on Friday that China was not manipulating its currency."In China, since the authorities decided in June 2010 to allow the exchange rate to appreciate in response to market forces, the renminbi (RMB) has appreciated by a total of 5.1 percent against the dollar in nominal terms through the end of April 2011, or at an annual pace of approximately 6.0 percent," noted the semi- annual report on international economic and exchange rate policies.The Treasury said that as inflation in China is significantly higher than it is in the United States, the renminbi has appreciated more rapidly against the dollar on a real, inflation- adjusted basis, at a rate of around 9 percent per year.The delayed report, which was originally scheduled to be sent to the Congress on April 15, finds "no major trading partner of the United States" manipulated its currency during the period covered in the report.The Treasury added that it will continue to "closely monitor" the renminbi appreciation pace.The report also noted that the U.S. economy is recovering from its deepest recession in the post-war period."While recent growth is encouraging, the economy still faces significant challenges," said the report. The number one challenge is still in the labor market.The U.S. unemployment rate, currently at 9.0 percent, is not expected to fall significantly this year.Besides, housing market and long-term fiscal position are " unsustainable," according to the report.In recent remarks, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner stated that China is the fastest growing market for U.S. exports. In 2010, U.S. exports to China grew at a pace that was 50 percent higher than the rest of the world.

WASHINGTON, March 22 (Xinhua) -- A long-term study by Greek researchers has shown the effectiveness of replacing bone marrow, purposely destroyed by chemotherapy, with autologous (self) stem cells in treating people with aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).The study was published on Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.For the treatment, chemotherapy drugs are used to kill all of the patient's blood cells, including the immune cells that are believed to be attacking the body's own central nervous system. Bone marrow stem cells removed from the patient are purified and transplanted back into the body, which saves life by replacing the blood cells and also is proposed to "reboot" the immune system.A human embryonic stem cell line derived at Stanford University is seen in this handout photo released to Reuters by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009The study followed 35 people for an average of 11 years after transplant. The study involved people with rapidly progressive MS who had tried a number of other treatments for MS with little or no effect. All were severely disabled by the disease, with an average score of six on a scale of disease activity that ranges from zero being a normal neurological examination to 10 meaning death due to MS.A score of six means able to walk with a cane or crutch; a seven is mainly in a wheelchair. All had worsened by at least one point on the scale in the year prior to the transplant.After the transplants, the probability of participants having no worsening of their disease for 15 years was 25 percent. The probability was higher -- 44 percent -- for those who had active brain lesions, which are a sign of disease activity, at the time of the transplant.For 16 people, symptoms improved by an average of one point on the scale after the transplant, and the improvements lasted for an average of two years. The participants also had a reduction in the number and size of lesions in their brains. Two people (six percent) died from complications related to the transplant at two months and 2-1/2 years post-transplant.Study author Vasilios Kimiskidis, of Aristotle University in Thessaloniki, Greece, noted that more research is needed on this treatment, including studies that compare people receiving the treatment to a control group that does not receive the treatment."Keeping that in mind, our feeling is that stem cell transplants may benefit people with rapidly progressive MS," he said. "This is not a therapy for the general population of people with MS but should be reserved for aggressive cases that are still in the inflammatory phase of the disease."

JERUSALEM, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Traditional farming may have found an ally on the Internet, via an Israeli "cloud-based" software system that enables farmers to get professional information and tips from colleagues worldwide.And IBM is interested in what they have to say.Agriculture Knowledge On-Line (AKOL) says its Internet-based system can aid global agriculture by utilizing the collective knowledge of kibbutzim (communal farms in Israel) and other agricultural experts, to offer small farmers personalized solutions to improve dairy output and crop production, and better prevent droughts.Owned by Kibbutz Bror Hayil in southern Israel, the software house has recently signed a cooperation and development agreement with IBM to manage access and technology issues."What we do here is like a bank of information and IBM provides the special tools for the end users," AKOL's CEO Roni Shani told Xinhua, "and you can do what we call 'agricultural market.'""For example, if someone in Australia needs advice on how to grow their crops better, they can just ask our advice or search through our database to find the best product for the country they 're growing the crops in," Shani said."Let's say someone in India, a small farmer, has a problem with their crop or chickens," Shani explained, noting that "it's usually very expensive and time consuming to get someone to come and check what is wrong."But, for a monthly fee, a basic subscription service enables the end user to access the software database, which allows "the farmer to just look at the pictures and pick the one that will explain what the disease or problem is and offer a solution, and if it is available in their country."AKOL claims about 1,000 customers over the globe."We just started developing it for use outside of the kibbutz with IBM's help," Shani said, "and we are developing it also in other parts of the world, like China. Right now we're cooperating with the Chinese government to help milk producers get the most out of their milking systems."Israel is one of the leading countries in milk production, with each cow yielding around 12,000 liters of milk a year on average. Two Chinese provinces plan to use AKOL's milking control system, in order to better manage their herds and equipment and increase milk production."And this is just the beginning," Shani explained, "because we are also working with other developing countries. This software will help millions of small farmers in rural or impoverished areas, that will be able to get advice and benefit from other farmers' experience on the spot and at a very affordable rate."

KUALA LUMPUR, Feb. 3 (Xinhua) -- Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak wishes all Chinese in the world a happy Chinese New Year on Thursday in an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency at his official residence in Federal Administrative Center Putrajaya."I would like to wish all Chinese in the world, wherever they are at any part of the world, a very happy Chinese New Year through Xinhua News Agency,"Najib said. "I hope that this new lunar calendar year, the year of the Rabbit will bring much prosperity and will be a successful and productive year."Najib also noted the 36-year-old special ties between Malaysia and China - a relationship which was first established by his father Abdul Razak, the second prime minister of Malaysia.He stressed that Malaysia is determined to forge closer diplomatic relations with China in years ahead."The relationship between Malaysia and China is a very warm and strong relationship that was established way back in 1974, we were the first Southeast Asian to have established diplomatic relations with China," Najib said."Ever since that historic occasion, the relationship between the tow countries has developed from strength to strength and leaps and bounds and today it's the most important relationship that we have," Najib said. "I hope this relationship will bring much benefit to both Malaysia and China, I wish it can be developed further and strengthen and deepen this important relationship."The prime minister had his Thursday occupied, attending numerous Spring Festival Open House, including the one held by the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) - the largest party that represents the ethnic Chinese in the country's ruling coalition.Thousands attended the open house event at the party's headquarters, many of whom were tourists.Malaysian leaders, ambassadors and attaches from foreign embassies were among the invited guests at the event.The Open House is a Malaysian tradition during celebrations where people open their doors to welcome guests and even strangers into their homes.He then held a live teleconference with Malaysians residing in seven cities in the world, including Guangzhou, China, and sent his greetings.About 26 percent of Malaysia's 27 million population are ethnic Chinese.

来源：资阳报