北京手指结类风湿发炎怎么办(山东强制性脊椎炎挂什么科) (今日更新中)

WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- NASA's car-sized Mars rover Curiosity, which will examine one of the most intriguing areas on the Red Planet, is in final preparations for a launch from Florida 's Space Coast at 10:25 a.m. EST (15:25 GMT) on Nov. 25, the U.S. space agency announced on Thursday.Curiosity is about twice as long and more than five times as heavy as any previous Mars rover. Its 10 science instruments include two for ingesting and analyzing samples of powdered rock delivered by the rover's robotic arm. It is now sitting atop an Atlas V rocket awaiting liftoff from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station."Preparations are on track for launching at our first opportunity," said Pete Theisinger, Mars Science Laboratory project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "If weather or other factors prevent launching then, we have more opportunities through Dec. 18."Scheduled to land on the Mars in Aug. 2012, the one-ton rover will examine Gale Crater during a nearly two-year prime mission. Curiosity will land near the base of a layered mountain three miles (five kilometers) high inside the crater. The rover will investigate whether environmental conditions ever have been favorable for development of microbial life and preserved evidence of those conditions.

ADDIS ABABA, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Marking the World AIDS Day on Thursday at the African Union (AU) headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Jean Ping, the AU Commission chairperson, said Africa should no longer see new generations with HIV infection.Through his representative, Ping called upon individual and collective action to contain mother to child transmission of HIV."We should act individually and collectively not only to prevent mother to child transmission but also to take care of the health of people living with the virus," said the chairperson.He also expressed commitment of the AU Commission to work with member states and pertinent bodies in the efforts made to HIV treatment and prevention.The World AIDS Day is commemorated this year under the theme "Zero Mother to Child Transmission", as world leaders who were gathered in New York for the 2011 United Nations (UN) High Level Meeting on AIDS in June, launched a Global Plan for significant strides towards eliminating new HIV infection among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive.Remarkable progress has been made so far, which is proof to realize the vision of zero new HIV infection, zero discrimination, and zero AIDS-related death (the three zeros), said UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in the message on the commemoration of the World AIDS Day.The secretary general revealed that the number of new infections has fallen by more than 20 percent since 1997, and new infections are continuing to decline in most parts of the world.In sub-Saharan Africa, the region most affected by the AIDS epidemic, HIV incidence has decreased in 22 countries, he said.According to UNAIDS, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are among the African countries where new HIV infections dropped significantly."Treatment has averted 2.5 million AIDS-related deaths since 1985. Last year alone, 700,000 lives were saved. Some 6.6 million people, nearly half those who need treatment in low and middle- income countries, are now receiving it," said Ban."Synergies between prevention and treatment are speeding up progress. But, to end AIDS, we need to deliver even greater results," said the secretary general.The UNAIDS says to get to the three zeros there must be acceleration on smart investments, capitalizing on scientific advancements and respecting human rights.Speaking at the AU headquarters on the commemoration of AIDS Day, Jan Beagle, deputy executive director of UNAIDS, underlined on the need to invest smartly to achieve the vision of the three zeros.There is a global target of 22 million U. S. dollars to 24 billion dollars to fund the AIDS response, which the UNAIDS says is a shared responsibility of all countries, donors and others."International assistance for the AIDS response has declined from 8.7 billion dollars in 2009 to 7.6 billion in 2010," said the Deputy Executive Director."We need to use new technology more effectively to reduce costs and demonstrate that we can deliver return on investment," she said.The AIDS movement is a movement for inclusiveness, equity and social justice, she said, adding that it has demonstrated global solidarity is possible to address multi-sectoral challenges.According to Abdoulie Janneh, executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), an estimated 7,000 people get infected with HIV infections every day.The executive secretary highlighted ingenious and novel approaches in introducing new HIV/AIDS prevention strategies."A combination of the traditional initiatives and innovative initiatives can all be used to eliminate new HIV infections," said Janneh.

HARBIN, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- A launching ceremony for the 2012 Sino-Russia Tourism Year was held in northeast China's Heilongjiang province Thursday.The initiative, along with an accompanying initiative to be launched in Russia in 2013, will boost people-to-people exchanges and consolidate Sino-Russian relations, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said in a statement on Dec. 31, 2011.The initiative is the third of its kind to take place between China and Russia, following Sino-Russia National Year and the Sino-Russia Year of Language held in 2006 and 2009, respectively.The creation of the 2012 Sino-Russia Tourism Year is a vital decision made by leaders of both countries to boost the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation, said Shao Qiwei, director of China's National Tourism Administration.The tourism year will serve as a platform to display the abundant tourism resources of the two countries, said Grigory Sarishvili, deputy head of the Russia Federal Tourism Agency.Statistics from Russian tourism authorities showed that the number of Chinese tourists to Russia during the first nine months in 2011 saw a year-on-year increase of 52 percent.

BEIJING, Oct. 12 (Xinhuanet) -- Study found that women who took multivitamins may actually be at risk, media reports on Wednsday.Women who took the dietary supplements vitamin B6, folic acid, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron and multivitamins had a higher risk of death than women who did not.The new study, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, examined more than 38,000 women aged 55 and older who took part in the Iowa Women's Health Study, which started in the mid 1980s. Researchers found the vitamins did nothing to reduce the risk of death and that most supplements have no positive effect on women's health.The study did not distinguish if the women in the study took the vitamins to fight diseases or to maintain health.Vitamin experts say the best way to make sure you are getting all necessary vitamins is to eat a well-balanced diet. The vitamins people take do not  depend on personal preference.

来源：资阳报