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BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- China started to run its own satellite positioning system, Beidou, on Tuesday as the country climbed the global tech ladder and challenged the monopoly of the West. Beidou, or Big Dipper, the domestic version of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), started providing navigation, positioning and timing data on a pilot basis to China and the neighboring area for free on Tuesday, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation Office, said. The system, with 10 orbiting satellites, covers an area from Australia in the south to Russia in the north. Signals can reach the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east, Ran said. With six more satellites to be launched next year, the system will cover a wider area and eventually the entire globe by 2020 with a constellation of 35 satellites, he said. The accuracy of the positioning service will also improve as more satellites orbit. During the trial run Beidou can offer positioning to within 25 meters but when the system is officially launched next year accuracy will be enhanced to within 10 meters, he said. With the system operational China is the third member of an elite group, along with the US and Russia, to develop a satellite navigation system. The US spent 20 years and more than billion on the GPS. Completed in 1994, the system has 24 navigation satellites and is widely used around the world. Beidou has its own unique features, Ran said. "It not only tells users where they are and what time it is but also allows users to tell others the information through short messages," Ran said, adding that this feature is being considered by other systems. Russia's Glonass system achieved a 24-satellite constellation in 1996 but succumbed to funding problems. The rebuilding of the Glonass system is almost finished and Russian media reported that the system resumed service earlier this month. The European Union and the European Space Agency are building the Galileo satellite navigation system. Japan and India also intend to build independent regional navigation systems. "Countries build their own systems because owning an independent satellite navigation system is important to economic development and national security," said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication Space International. There have long been concerns that the US might take its dominant GPS offline in certain international emergencies. Ran said that the Beidou system will be "helpful" to national defense. An "independent and controllable" satellite navigation system can guarantee national economic development as well as scientific and industrial strength, he said. China started to reduce its reliance on the GPS in 2000, when it sent an experimental pair of positioning satellites into orbit. But Ran stressed that Beidou is "built for the world", as the compatibility of various systems enhances reliability for users. "If you only use GPS there will be blind spots. But from demonstrations I saw recently, receivers that are compatible with Beidou will overcome these problems," he said. He encouraged enterprises at home and abroad to join the research and development of application terminals compatible with Beidou. The office put a test version of the system's Interface Control Document online on Tuesday, which is a technical document vital for the manufacturing and development of receivers and chips. The prospects for the country's satellite navigation industry look bright, experts said. Analysts estimated that around 2020 the industry's output will reach 0 billion globally, including 400 billion yuan ( billion) to 500 billion yuan from China. According to the 2011 Report on Application of Geosaptial Information in China released on Monday, the number of satellite navigation application terminals in China has grown from less than 100,000 in 2000 to more than 10 million in 2009. The number is expected to reach 340 million by 2015. An insider said a compatible receiver for car use costs 1,600 yuan to 3,000 yuan, higher than a GPS receiver. "Chips supporting both GPS and Beidou systems have been developed, and terminals have been produced. There are no technical hurdles for the industry," said Han Shaowei, CEO of Beijing-based Unicore Communications Inc, a major navigation chip and core component provider. Beidou application terminals have been put into use in vehicles, such as government cars in Guangdong province. Ran said that private terminal makers in Guangdong are testing their receivers on the road, and the products seem stable. "The price of the compatible terminals is expected to be slashed next year," he said.

BERLIN, Jan. 17 (Xinhua) -- Researchers in Germany have found a cheap and easy way to synthesize anti-malaria drug in large quantities from waste materials, said the Max Planck Society on Tuesday.Currently there are nearly one million people die worldwide each year due to lack of effective drugs, as sweet wormwood, from which artemisinin, the effective essence to fight malaria can be extracted, only grows in China, Vietnam and a few other countries.However, researchers in Germany have now developed a simple process for the synthesis of artemisinin in laboratory, using artemisinic acid, a substance contained in the by-product, or waste materials of the isolation of artemisinin from sweet wormwoods, as row materials of synthesizing artemisinin."The production of the drug is therefore no longer dependent on obtaining the active ingredient from plants," said Peter Seeberger, director at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam and professor at Free University of Berlin.The artemisinic acid in the waste material boasts a volume 10 times greater than the active ingredient itself, said Seeberger, and they could be turned into artemisinin in four and a half minutes in a so-called continuous-flow reactor.Seeberger estimated that 800 of the reactors would be enough to cover the global requirement for artemisinin, and the whole innovative synthesis process could be ready for technical use in three to six months.Malaria is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. In 2010, malaria caused an estimated 655,000 deaths, mostly among African children.

BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- China plans to decrease leprosy rates by 50 percent over the next 10 years, according to a joint plan to fight the infectious disease issued by the Ministry of Health and ten other ministerial-level institutions.The prevalence rate is targeted to be brought down to one case per 10,000 people by 2015. The rate will further shrink to one in every 100,000 people by 2020 in at least 98 percent of the country's counties, according to the plan.A total of 500,000 cases of leprosy have been reported and treated for free throughout the country since the founding of the People's Republic of China on Oct. 1, 1949.The number of leprosy cases has plummeted over the past 62 years, but the country still faces challenges in fighting the disease, the plan said.Leprosy, an infectious disease that has affected humanity for over 4,000 years, is primarily characterized by skin lesions and progressive physical debility, and can cause permanent nerve damage.Despite sustained efforts -- and considerable success -- in bringing the disease under control, leprosy is still a serious disease in some parts of China and people who have been cured of the disease continue to face discrimination.More than 1,700 new cases have been reported annually in the past five years. The provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hunan and the Tibet Autonomous Region are most affected by the disease, according to the plan.

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 4 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Tuesday unveils iPhone 4S, the much-anticipated latest generation of iPhone.At the event held at Apple headquarters in Cupertino, California, U.S., newly installed Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook took stage to give a general introduction of Apple's products, his first product presentation after taking over the reins from Steve Jobs in August.According to Apple, there are several key features that make the new iPhone 4S different from the current iPhone 4. With a 3.5- inch widescreen multitouch display, the new device features dual- core A5 processor, the chip used in the iPad 2, and a higher- resolution eight megapixel camera which can grab 73 percent more light and take a 1080p high-definition video.The battery can support internet use up to six hours on 3G network and nine hours on Wi-Fi, as well as talk time up to eight hours on 3G and 14 hours on 2G. U.S., newly installed Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook takes stage to give a general introduction of Apple's products, Oct. 4, 2011. Apple Inc. on Tuesday unveils iPhone 4S, the much-anticipated latest generation of iPhone.Based on the dual-antenna design of iPhone 4, Apple said that iPhone 4S can intelligently switch back and forth between them to send and receive, improving the reception and throughput on the device. The iPhone 4S is also a world phone, which means both GSM and CDMA network customers can roam internationally on GSM networks on a single phone. It also supports HSPA+, a 4G mobile technology that allows for data transmission speeds up to 42 Mbps.Another important feature is the new voice control called Siri, an intelligent assistant that helps users get things done just by asking questions, such as call people, reminders, compose and dictate email, weather, stocks, search web and etc..For example, Siri understands users who are looking for a weather forecast when they ask questions like "Do I need an umbrella today," "What's the upcoming forecast," and "Is the weather going to get worse today."The iPhone 4S will run the latest version of Apple's mobile operating system iOS 5, which will be available as free update next Wednesday. The new iOS 5 has more than 200 new features, such as a deep Twitter integration, Notification Center and iMessage, a new messaging service.The latest smartphone also comes with the launch of iCloud, Apple's cloud computing service which automatically and wirelessly store users' content and push it to all Apple devices from mobile devices and music players to desktops and notebooks. Apple will launch iCloud next Wednesday."iPhone 4S plus iOS 5 plus iCloud is a breakthrough combination that makes the iPhone 4S the best iPhone ever," said Philip Schiller, Apple's senior vice president of Worldwide Product Marketing. "While our competitors try to imitate iPhone with a checklist of features, only iPhone can deliver these breakthrough innovations that work seamlessly together," said Schiller, who led the iPhone 4S introduction at the Tuesday's event.The new iPhone 4S will start at 199 U.S. dollars with a storage capacity of 16 GB and 399 dollars for the 64 GB model. The pre- orders begin on Friday and the phone will ship next Friday. Apple said that iPhone will be in 70 countries and regions, on 100 carriers when the roll out is done. In the United States, along with AT&T and Verizon, iPhone 4S will also come to Sprint, the third-largest mobile-phone carrier in the country.

来源：资阳报