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BERLIN, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- China and Germany have vowed to make joint efforts to stabilize the global economy amid the ongoing financial and economic crisis, said a joint statement issued Thursday.     The cooperation between China and Germany, the world's two major export-driven economies, is of special significance for the world's efforts to tackle the financial downturn, said the statement released after visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel.     The two sides agreed to strengthen dialogue on economic and trade, currency and fiscal policies and pledged to support each other on their economic stimulus plans based on their own situations, it said.     China and Germany have agreed to enhance their comprehensive strategic partnership and cooperation in jointly dealing with the global economic crisis, Wen told a press conference following his meeting with Merkel.     The strengthened Sino-German cooperation is of special significance in the context of the current world economic downturn, said Wen. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao addresses the Fifth Chinese-German Forum for Economic and Technological Cooperation in Berlin, Jan. 29, 2009The two nations should strengthen cooperation in various fields and press ahead with their comprehensive strategic partnership, which bears global responsibility amid an ailing global economy, the Chinese premier added.     Echoing Wen's remarks on bilateral cooperation, Merkel said his visit has further promoted German-Chinese cooperation in such fields as politics, economy and culture.     Germany is ready to promote bilateral cooperation in improving energy efficiency, environmental protection and intellectual property protection, she said.     Merkel also called on the two nations to further enhance bilateral trade and economic relations despite the harsh economic environment.     According to the joint statement, both nations will also seek to broaden their cooperation and inject new impulse into the economic growth, especially on such fields as climate change, infrastructure construction, transportation and logistics, financial services, and information technology, it noted.     The two nations will continue to strengthen cooperation, especially in the sector of the innovative technology through such mechanism as the China-Germany joint commission for economic cooperation and the Sino-German economic and technical cooperation forum, it said.     Meanwhile, the two nations also agreed to encourage bilateral cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) pledging to introduce supportive measures for SMEs activities in investment, financing, taxing and trade, it added.     The two sides also stressed the importance of curbing trade protectionism, saying they will oppose trade and investment protectionism in whatever forms.     They also pledged to implement the consensus reached in the G20 Washington Summit in efforts to push forward the reform of global financial system.     At a forum on Sino-German economic and technical cooperation on Thursday, Wen proposed that in addition to trade in goods, the two sides should expand cooperation in such service sectors as banking, insurance, telecommunications, logistics.     European enterprises can absolutely increase their exports of advanced technical equipment, which would overcome the difficulties they are facing currently, but also meet the demand from the Chinese market, said Wen.     The Chinese government welcomes German enterprises to play a more active role in promoting technical innovation, upgrading industrial structure, and fostering development coordination in various regions in China.     Chinese companies are also encouraged to build manufacturing bases, marketing network, and research institutions, said the premier.     Also on Thursday, China and Germany signed six deals, including a memorandum of understanding on the transfer from Germany of parts of the core technologies for the maglev railway projects in China.     Other agreements cover cooperation in climate protection, the car industry, construction of Chinese ecological city Xuzhou, and exchanges between the museums of the two countries.     Germany is the second leg of Wen's European tour after Switzerland, where he attended the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF). The week-long trip will also take him to the European Union headquarters in Brussels, Spain and Britain.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao arrived in Washington Friday for a summit to discuss issues concerning financial markets and the global economy.     President Hu, and other leaders from the Group of Twenty (G20) members, have been invited by U.S. President George W. Bush to Saturday's meeting, the first in a series of summits to mitigate what economists predict could be a long and deep downturn.     Later in the evening, the Chinese president is expected to attend a dinner hosted by Bush for all the leaders.     "The leaders will review progress being made to address the current financial crisis, advance a common understanding of its causes, and, in order to avoid a repetition, agree on a common set of principles for reform of the regulatory and institutional regimes for the world's financial sectors," said White House spokeswoman Dana Perino last month in making the announcement of the summit.     At a press briefing last week, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei said that China expects to build a fair, inclusive and efficient international financial system.     "We hope to consult with other participants to reform the international financial system and finally try to establish a fair, inclusive and efficient system," He said.     He said that China would take an active part in the summit-related activities in a constructive attitude, work together with all the parties for the achievement of pragmatic outcome, and impel the international community to tackle the financial crisis in a timely, comprehensive and effective manner.     The members of the G20 include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United States, and the European Union.     The managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF),the president of the World Bank, the secretary-general of the United Nations and the chairman of the Financial Stability Forum have also been invited to the Washington summit.     Washington is the first leg of President Hu's five-nation trip. He will later pay state visits to Costa Rica, Cuba, Peru and Greece. During his stay in Peru, he will attend the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) forum in Lima.

BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- China's economy cooled to its slowest pace in seven years in 2008, expanding 9 percent year-on-year as the widening global financial crisis continued to affect the world's fastest-growing economy, official data showed Thursday.     Gross domestic product (GDP) reached 30.067 trillion yuan (4.4216 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2008, Ma Jiantang, director of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), told a press conference.     The 9-percent rate was the lowest since 2001, when an annual rate of 8.3 percent was recorded, and it was the first time China's GDP growth fell into the single-digit range since 2003.     The year-on-year growth rate for the fourth quarter slid to 6.8 percent from 9 percent in the third quarter and 9.9 percent for the first three quarters, according to Ma. Graphics shows China's gross domestic product (GDP) in the year of 2008, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Jan. 22, 2009. China's GDP reached 30.067 trillion yuan (4.4216 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2008, expanding 9 percent year-on-year.    Economic growth showed "an obvious correction" last year, but the full-year performance was still better than other countries affected by the global financial crisis, said Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, or cabinet.     He attributed the fourth-quarter weakness to reduced industrial output as inventories piled up amid sharply lower foreign demand.     Exports, which accounted for about one-third of GDP, fell 2.8 percent year-on-year to 111.16 billion U.S. dollars in December. Exports declined 2.2 percent in November from a year earlier.     Industrial output rose 12.9 percent year-on-year in 2008, down 5.6 percentage points from the previous year, said Ma.     SEEKING THE BOTTOM     Government economist Wang Xiaoguang said the 6.8-percent growth rate in the fourth quarter was not a sign of a "hard landing," just a necessary "adjustment" from previous rapid expansion.     "This round of downward adjustment won't bottom out in just a year or several quarters but might last two or three years, which is a normal situation," he said.     A report Thursday from London-based Standard Chartered Bank called the 6.8-percent growth in the fourth quarter "respectable" but said the data overall presented "a batch of mixed signals."     It said: "We probably saw zero real growth in the fourth quarter compared with the third quarter, and it could have been marginally negative."     The weakening economy has already had an impact on several Chinese industrial giants. Angang Steel Co. Ltd. (Ansteel), one of the top three steel producers, said Wednesday net profit fell 55 percent last year as steel prices plunged. It cited weakening demand late in the year.     However, officials and analysts said some positive signs surfaced in December, which they said indicated China could recover before other countries.     December figures on money supply, consumption, and industrial output showed some "positive changes" but whether they represented a trend was unclear, said Ma.     Outstanding local currency loans for December expanded by 771.8 billion yuan, up 723.3 billion from a year earlier, according to official data.     Real retail sales growth in December accelerated 0.8 percentage points from November to 17.4 percent. Industrial output also accelerated in December, up 0.3 percentage points from the annual rate of November.     Wang Qing, Morgan Stanley Asia chief economist for China, said GDP growth would hit a trough in the first or second quarter. China will perform better than most economies affected by the global crisis and gradually improve this year, he said.     Zhang also predicted the economy will touch bottom and start to recover later this year, depending on the performance in January and February.     Zhang forecast GDP growth of more than 8 percent for 2009, based on the assumption that domestic demand and accelerating urbanization would help cushion China from world economic conditions.     Wang Tongsan, an economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said whether GDP growth exceeds 8 percent this year depends on how the world economy performs and how well the government stimulus policies are implemented.     Ma characterized the "difficulties" China experienced in the fourth quarter as temporary, saying: "We should have the confidence to be the first country out of the crisis."     Overall, the economy maintained good momentum with fast growth, stable prices, optimized structures and improved living standards, said Ma.     China's performance was better than the average growth of 3.7 percent for the world economy last year, 1.4 percent for developed countries and 6.6 percent for developing and emerging economies, he said, citing estimates of the International Monetary Fund.     "With a 9-percent rate, China actually contributed more than 20 percent of global economic growth in 2008," said Ma.     He said the industrial structure became "more balanced" last year, with faster growth of investment and industrial output in the less-developed central and western regions than in the eastern areas.     Meanwhile, energy efficiency improved: energy intensity, the amount of energy it takes to produce a unit of GDP, fell 4.21 percent year-on-year in 2008, a larger decrease than the 3.66 percent recorded in 2007, said Ma.     WORRIES ABOUT CONSUMPTION     A slowing economy poses a concern for the authorities, which they have acknowledged several times in recent weeks, as rising unemployment could threaten social stability. It could also undermine consumer spending, which the government is counting on to offset weak external demand.     The government has maintained a target of 8 percent annual economic growth since 2005.     China announced a 4 trillion-yuan economic stimulus package in November aimed at boosting domestic demand.     Retail sales rose 21.6 percent in 2008, 4.8 percentage points more than in 2007, said Ma.     Ma said he believed domestic consumption would maintain rapid growth as long as personal incomes continue to increase and social security benefits improve.     Urban disposable incomes rose a real 8.4 percent last year, while those of rural Chinese went up 8 percent, he said.     Analysts have warned that consumption could be affected if low rates of inflation deteriorate into outright deflation and factory closures result in more jobless migrant workers.     The urban unemployment rate rose to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, up 0.2 percentage point year-on-year.     Ma said about 5 percent of 130 million migrant workers had returned to their rural homes since late 2008 because their employers closed down or suspended production. Other officials have said that 6.5 percent or even 10 percent of migrant workers have gone home after losing their jobs.

BEIJING, Jan. 19 -- Air China Ltd, the nation's largest international carrier, expects to report its first annual loss in at least eight years on waning travel demand and wrong-way bets on fuel prices.     The carrier made paper losses of 6.8 billion yuan (994.5 million U.S. dollars) on fuel-hedging in 2008, it said on Friday in a Hong Kong stock exchange statement. The airline made a 3.88-billion-yuan annual profit in 2007.     Air China joins China Southern Airlines Co and China Eastern Airlines Corp in forecasting a 2008 loss after the nation's cooling economy damped business and leisure travel. The Beijing-based carrier also reported hedging losses after jet-fuel prices tumbled 70 percent in less than six months.     "Air China is more exposed to the global crisis" than China Southern and China Eastern, said Li Jun, an Everbright Securities Co analyst in Shanghai. "As such, most of its advantages turned into disadvantages last year."     The carrier has been profitable since at least 2000, data complied by Bloomberg News showed, helped by having a wider overseas network than domestic rivals.     "The aviation market experienced a general shrinking demand in 2008 and traffic revenue was significantly lower than expected," the Beijing-based company said in the statement. The hedging contracts "will have a considerable effect on the financial results for the year."     The airline is also able to hedge a greater proportion of its fuel needs than rivals, as Chinese carriers are barred from hedging purchases of fuels for domestic flights. That has previously enabled Air China to limit the effect of increasing fuel prices.     The airline's passenger numbers fell 1.7 percent in 2008 to 34.2 million, the first decline in five years. Its cargo and mail volume dropped 3.8 percent to 898,962 tons.     The shares have dived 80 percent in the past year and closed 3.9 percent higher at 1.88 Hong Kong dollars (24 U.S. cents) a share on Friday in Hong Kong trading.

UNITED NATIONS, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- Zhang Yesui, the Chinese permanent representative to the United Nations, met with Susan Rice, the new U.S. ambassador to the world body, here on Monday afternoon, and they exchanged views on the Sino-U.S. relations and other world and regional issues of common concern, diplomatic sources said here Tuesday.     During the meeting, Rice briefed Zhang on the key points of the foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration, the sources said.     The two sides also exchanged views on the Sino-U.S. relations, and other international and regional issues of common concern. They agreed to strengthen their consultation on and cooperation in the affairs of the United Nations, the sources said.     The new U.S. ambassador made her UN debut on Monday by presenting her credentials to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.